Table 2.
Regression Model for Factors Associated with Perceived Stigma Among People Living with HIV in Health Facilities of Dessie City, 2019
| Variables | Category | Stigma | COR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | n=415 | n=415 | ||
| Age in complete years | 18–24 | 16 | 17 | 1.41 (0.56, 3.58) | 1.70 (0.52, 5.52) |
| 25–29 | 52 | 34 | 2.29 (1.06, 4.94) | 1.72 (0.72, 4.10) | |
| 30–34 | 37 | 53 | 1.04 (0.49, 2.24) | 0.75 (0.32, 1.78) | |
| 35–39 | 39 | 58 | 1.01 (0.47, 2.14) | 0.83 (0.36, 1.93) | |
| 40–44 | 14 | 55 | 0.38 (0.16, 0.90) | 0.42 (0.16, 1.06) | |
| ≥45 | 16 | 24 | 1 | 1 | |
| Place of residence | Rural | 31 | 61 | 2.07 (1.38, 3.12) | 1.80 (1.10, 2.94)* |
| Urban | 143 | 180 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sex | Female | 111 | 121 | 1.75 (1.17, 2.60) | 2.08 (1.26, 3.46)** |
| Male | 63 | 120 | 1 | 1 | |
| Educational status | Not educated | 34 | 63 | 0.41 (0.20, 0.82) | 0.72 (0.23, 2.25) |
| Primary | 55 | 106 | 0.39 (0.20, 0.75) | 0.60 (0.2, 1.64) | |
| Secondary | 56 | 50 | 0.84 (0.43, 1.66) | 0.89 (0.35, 2.26) | |
| College and above | 29 | 22 | 1 | 1 | |
| Occupation | Government employee | 31 | 25 | 1 | 1 |
| Private employee | 30 | 32 | 0.76 (0.37, 1.56) | 1.21 (0.45, 3.21) | |
| Housewife | 25 | 30 | 0.67 (0.32, 1.42) | 0.85 (0.29, 2.50) | |
| Merchant | 34 | 38 | 0.72 (0.36, 1.45 | 1.37 (0.52, 3.64) | |
| Farmer | 24 | 55 | 0.35 (0.17, 0.72) | 0.85 (0.27, 2.64) | |
| Daily laborer | 19 | 45 | 0.34 (0.16, 0.72) | 0.42 (0.18, 1.47) | |
| Others | 11 | 16 | 0.55 (0.22, 1.14) | 0.57 (0.12, 1.47) | |
| Religion | Christian | 79 | 91 | 1 | 1 |
| Muslim | 95 | 150 | 0.73 (0.49, 1.08) | 0.78 (0.49, 1.26) | |
| With whom they lived | Sexual partner | 79 | 136 | 1 | 1 |
| Family | 64 | 82 | 1.34 (0.87, 2.06) | 1.23 (0.71, 2.12) | |
| Alone | 31 | 23 | 2.32 (1.27, 4.26) | 0.96 (0.40, 2.30) | |
| Wealth index | Poorest | 42 | 44 | 1 | 1 |
| Poorer | 45 | 61 | 0.77 (0.43, 1.37) | 0.87 (0.45, 1.720 | |
| Middle | 13 | 36 | 0.38 (0.18, 0.81) | 0.64 (0.27, 1.54) | |
| Richer | 46 | 62 | 0.77 (0.44, 1.37) | 0.84 (0.42, 1.66) | |
| Richest | 28 | 38 | 0.77 (0.40, 1.47) | 0.94 (0.44, 1.99) | |
| Disclose HIV serostatus | Yes | 132 | 219 | 1 | 1 |
| No | 42 | 22 | 3.17 (1.84, 5.54) | 2.36 (1.19, 4.7)* | |
| Multiple sexual partners | No | 150 | 219 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 24 | 22 | 1.59 (0.86, 2.94) | 1.17 (0.53, 2.57) | |
| Drug side effect | No | 159 | 231 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 15 | 10 | 2.18 (0.95, 4.97) | 1.75 (0.67, 4.58) | |
| Concomitant disease | No | 132 | 197 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 42 | 44 | 1.42 (0.88, 2.29) | 1.43 (0.82, 2.49) | |
Notes: 1: Reference, *P-value < 0.05 and **P-value < 0.01 in multivariable analysis.
Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; Stigma, perceived stigma; Others, student and jobless.