Table 3.
Procedure group | Aerosol source | N of sources mentioning procedures in this group | n (%) of sources that classified procedures in this group as aerosol-generating | n (%) of sources that classified procedures in this group as possibly aerosol-generating | n (%) of sources that classified procedures in this group as not aerosol-generating |
Autopsy | Autopsy | 33 | 33 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Surgery/postmortem procedures with high-speed devices | Wound/invasive procedure | 14 | 14 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Intubation and extubation procedures | Tracheobronchial, oronasal | 119 | 114 (96) | 5 (4) | 0 (0) |
Bronchoscopy | Tracheobronchial | 94 | 89 (95) | 2 (2) | 3 (3) |
Sputum induction | Tracheobronchial | 64 | 60 (94) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) |
Manual ventilation | Tracheobronchial | 56 | 52 (93) | 2 (4) | 2 (4) |
Airway suctioning | Tracheobronchial, oronasal | 103 | 92 (89) | 6 (6) | 5 (5) |
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | Tracheobronchial | 74 | 66 (89) | 3 (4) | 5 (7) |
Tracheostomy and tracheostomy procedures | Tracheobronchial | 65 | 57 (88) | 8 (12) | 0 (0) |
Non-invasive ventilation | Tracheobronchial | 89 | 78 (88) | 8 (9) | 3 (3) |
High-flow oxygen therapy | Inhaled therapy | 37 | 32 (86) | 4 (11) | 1 (3) |
Breaking closed ventilation systems (intentionally or unintentionally) | Tracheobronchial | 13 | 11 (85) | 2 (15) | 0 (0) |
Nebulised or aerosol therapy | Inhaled therapy | 91 | 75 (82) | 9 (10) | 7 (8) |
Nasopharyngoscopy or laryngoscopy | Oronasal | 16 | 12 (75) | 2 (13) | 2 (13) |
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation | Tracheobronchial | 39 | 27 (69) | 9 (23) | 3 (8) |
Coughing | Tracheobronchial | 18 | 10 (55) | 5 (28) | 3 (17) |
Mechanical ventilation | Tracheobronchial | 15 | 8 (53) | 4 (27) | 3 (20) |
Chest physiotherapy | Tracheobronchial | 46 | 23 (50) | 14 (30) | 9 (20) |
Nasopharyngeal aspirate | Oronasal | 29 | 13 (45) | 12 (41) | 4 (14) |
Percentages were rounded to the nearest full percentage point.