Table 3.
Subgroups Analyses for All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality
| Characteristics | Number | High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, mg/dL Hazard Ratios (95% CI) | P-Interaction | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤30 | 31–40 | 41–50 | 51–60 | 61–70 | >70 | |||
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||
| Age, years | 0.005 | |||||||
| <65 | 6270 | 1.04 (0.73, 1.48) 0.818 | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) 0.553 | 0.99 (0.79, 1.24) 0.932 | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.83, 1.47) 0.498 | 1.41 (1.07, 1.87) 0.016 | |
| ≥65 | 5227 | 1.15 (0.91, 1.45) 0.232 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.23) 0.267 | 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) 0.225 | 1.0 | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23) 0.411 | 1.19 (1.03, 1.37) 0.018 | |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||||||
| Male | 5709 | 1.22 (0.97, 1.52) 0.085 | 1.03 (0.88, 1.20) 0.708 | 1.07 (0.92, 1.24) 0.359 | 1.0 | 1.18 (0.97, 1.45) 0.100 | 1.47 (1.20, 1.81) <0.001 | |
| Female | 5788 | 1.42 (0.94, 2.16) 0.098 | 1.27 (1.06, 1.54) 0.011 | 1.08 (0.92, 1.26) 0.360 | 1.0 | 0.98 (0.83, 1.16) 0.792 | 1.09 (0.92, 1.28) 0.325 | |
| Race | 0.020 | |||||||
| Non-white | 5373 | 1.22 (0.89, 1.68) 0.212 | 0.97 (0.80, 1.17) 0.722 | 1.09 (0.92, 1.29) 0.344 | 1.0 | 1.09 (0.88, 1.34) 0.425 | 1.39 (1.13, 1.71) 0.002 | |
| White | 6124 | 1.39 (1.09, 1.76) 0.008 | 1.19 (1.03, 1.38) 0.021 | 1.05 (0.92, 1.21) 0.448 | 1.0 | 1.02 (0.86, 1.20) 0.810 | 1.08 (0.92, 1.28) 0.344 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | <0.001 | |||||||
| <25 | 2452 | 1.18 (0.76, 1.84) 0.465 | 1.16 (0.90, 1.49) 0.247 | 1.08 (0.88, 1.32) 0.466 | 1.0 | 1.08 (0.87, 1.35) 0.480 | 1.30 (1.06, 1.60) 0.011 | |
| ≥25 | 9045 | 1.30 (1.05, 1.61) 0.016 | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) 0.173 | 1.07 (0.95, 1.22) 0.260 | 1.0 | 1.05 (0.89, 1.23) 0.590 | 1.10 (0.93, 1.31) 0.259 | |
| Diabetes | 0.993 | |||||||
| No | 8344 | 1.32 (1.03, 1.70) 0.029 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.27) 0.236 | 1.06 (0.93, 1.21) 0.392 | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) 0.606 | 1.20 (1.03, 1.39) 0.018 | |
| Yes | 3153 | 1.30 (0.97, 1.75) 0.083 | 1.16 (0.95, 1.41) 0.139 | 1.11 (0.92, 1.33) 0.291 | 1.0 | 1.09 (0.85, 1.39) 0.492 | 1.21 (0.93, 1.57) 0.162 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.497 | |||||||
| No | 9236 | 1.26 (0.98, 1.62) 0.072 | 1.10 (0.95, 1.27) 0.225 | 1.09 (0.96, 1.24) 0.202 | 1.0 | 1.05 (0.91, 1.23) 0.495 | 1.17 (1.01, 1.37) 0.038 | |
| Yes | 2261 | 1.28 (0.95, 1.72) 0.103 | 1.05 (0.87, 1.28) 0.602 | 1.03 (0.86, 1.24) 0.726 | 1.0 | 1.00 (0.78, 1.28) 0.974 | 1.23 (0.96, 1.57) 0.099 | |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 0.248 | |||||||
| No | 8616 | 1.28 (1.02, 1.59) 0.031 | 1.02 (0.88, 1.17) 0.800 | 1.08 (0.95, 1.22) 0.245 | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) 0.617 | 1.22 (1.05, 1.41) 0.008 | |
| Yes | 2881 | 1.33 (0.91, 1.94) 0.139 | 1.32 (1.06, 1.63) 0.012 | 1.08 (0.89, 1.31) 0.447 | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.81, 1.34) 0.741 | 1.14 (0.86, 1.51) 0.358 | |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||||||
| Age, years | 0.023 | |||||||
| <65 | 6270 | 1.04 (0.73, 1.48) 0.818 | 0.93 (0.73, 1.18) 0.553 | 0.99 (0.79, 1.24) 0.932 | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.83, 1.47) 0.498 | 1.41 (1.07, 1.87) 0.016 | |
| ≥65 | 5227 | 1.15 (0.91, 1.45) 0.232 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.23) 0.267 | 1.08 (0.96, 1.21) 0.225 | 1.0 | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23) 0.411 | 1.19 (1.03, 1.37) 0.018 | |
| Gender | 0.439 | |||||||
| Male | 5709 | 1.18 (0.78, 1.81) 0.433 | 1.00 (0.74, 1.33) 0.983 | 0.88 (0.67, 1.18) 0.398 | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.65, 1.45) 0.876 | 1.11 (0.73, 1.70) 0.623 | |
| Female | 5788 | 1.21 (0.44, 3.35) 0.710 | 1.41 (0.95, 2.12) 0.092 | 1.10 (0.78, 1.55) 0.597 | 1.0 | 0.99 (0.69, 1.44) 0.972 | 1.08 (0.75, 1.55) 0.670 | |
| Race | 0.026 | |||||||
| Non-white | 5373 | 0.61 (0.26, 1.42) 0.250 | 0.97 (0.66, 1.42) 0.888 | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) 0.602 | 1.0 | 1.13 (0.75, 1.71) 0.564 | 1.18 (0.77, 1.81) 0.454 | |
| White | 6124 | 1.75 (1.14, 2.70) 0.011 | 1.22 (0.90, 1.64) 0.200 | 0.99 (0.75, 1.31) 0.941 | 1.0 | 0.90 (0.63, 1.28) 0.547 | 1.03 (0.73, 1.46) 0.876 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 0.053 | |||||||
| <25 | 2452 | 1.75 (0.81, 3.80) 0.157 | 1.21 (0.74, 1.96) 0.448 | 1.03 (0.67, 1.56) 0.907 | 1.0 | 1.06 (0.67, 1.67) 0.806 | 1.09 (0.70, 1.68) 0.710 | |
| ≥25 | 9045 | 1.23 (0.80, 1.89) 0.356 | 1.10 (0.84, 1.44) 0.477 | 0.96 (0.74, 1.24) 0.758 | 1.0 | 0.95 (0.68, 1.33) 0.774 | 1.05 (0.74, 1.50) 0.787 | |
| Diabetes | 0.964 | |||||||
| No | 8344 | 1.27 (0.76, 2.12) 0.358 | 1.09 (0.81, 1.47) 0.570 | 0.86 (0.65, 1.14) 0.294 | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.70, 1.33) 0.847 | 1.07 (0.78, 1.47) 0.688 | |
| Yes | 3153 | 1.39 (0.79, 2.46) 0.257 | 1.20 (0.81, 1.77) 0.357 | 1.14 (0.79, 1.66) 0.476 | 1.0 | 1.04 (0.63, 1.72) 0.871 | 1.22 (0.72, 2.06) 0.458 | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 0.137 | |||||||
| No | 9236 | 1.00 (0.54, 1.86) 0.988 | 1.09 (0.79, 1.50) 0.617 | 1.02 (0.76, 1.37) 0.886 | 1.0 | 1.12 (0.80, 1.55) 0.508 | 1.14 (0.81, 1.59) 0.455 | |
| Yes | 2261 | 1.53 (0.94, 2.51) 0.090 | 1.10 (0.78, 1.55) 0.590 | 0.90 (0.64, 1.25) 0.520 | 1.0 | 0.73 (0.44, 1.19) 0.205 | 0.99 (0.62, 1.57) 0.958 | |
| Lipid-lowering drugs | 0.159 | |||||||
| No | 8616 | 1.13 (0.70, 1.83) 0.613 | 1.14 (0.86, 1.51) 0.374 | 0.95 (0.72, 1.24) 0.692 | 1.0 | 1.01 (0.73, 1.39) 0.954 | 1.09 (0.79, 1.49) 0.608 | |
| Yes | 2881 | 1.54 (0.84, 2.85) 0.166 | 1.07 (0.71, 1.61) 0.738 | 1.00 (0.69, 1.44) 0.992 | 1.0 | 0.89 (0.54, 1.47) 0.650 | 1.08 (0.62, 1.89) 0.775 | |
Notes: When analyzing a subgroup variable, age, gender, race, education level, smoking, body mass index, energy, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, C-reactive protein, total cholesterol, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, antihypertensive drugs, hypoglycemic agents, antiplatelet drugs, and lipid-lowering drugs were all adjusted except the itself.
Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.