Table 3. Multivariable regressions by year.

	2011				2014
Outcomes	Urban-adjustedc	Rural-adjustedd	Adjusted differencee	P value	Urban-adjustedf	Rural-Adjustedg	Adjusted differenceh	P value
ADLa	8.47	9.13	-0.66	<0.0001	8.59	9.18	-0.59	<0.0001
IADLb	9.73	11.11	-1.38	<0.0001	9.98	11.18	-1.20	<0.0001
Psychological well-being	3.57	3.47	0.10	0.0029	3.54	3.54	-0.00	0.9360
Adequate access to carei	0.99	0.97	2.13	0.0080	0.99	0.98	1.93	0.0848
Total medical expenditure	5536	3192	2344	<0.0001	7343	3934	3409	<0.0001
Total inpatient expenditure	3255	1967	1288	<0.0001	4284	2681	1603	<0.0001
Total outpatient expenditure	2365	1336	1029	<0.0001	3200	1376	1824	<0.0001
Total out-of-pocket t expenditure	2247	1887	360	0.0193	3050	1574	1476	<0.0001
Total inpatient out-of-pocket expenditure	1317	1156	161	0.2770	2246	1444	802	0.0008
Total outpatient out-of-pocket expenditure	1215	1092	123	0.2062	1660	861	799	<0.0001
Self-payment ratio	56.6%	76.2%	-19.6%	<0.0001	55.5%	63.4%	-7.9%	<0.0001

^aActivity of daily living.

^bInstrumental activity of daily living.

^c,d,f,gUrban-adjusted and rural-adjusted columns report margins of adjusted outcomes.

^e,hAdjusted differences are marginal differences calculated based on the coefficients of the Urban variable.

ⁱThe adjusted difference of adequate access to care is odds ratio.