Table 2.
Experimental studies on mechanism in asthma
| First author, year | Biological sample | Assay/test | Result | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zoratti, 2014 15 | Whole blood | Interleukins, interferon γ | TH2 polarized responses seen in allergic asthma, TH1 responses in nonallergic asthma | Distinct differences in immune endotypes |
| Meyer, 2014 16 | Exhaled air | VOC, clinical data | VOC can identify asthmatics | Asthma clusters with different VOC, similar VOC endotypes but different clinical characteristics |
| George, 2015 17 | Blood | Gene expression, biomarkers | Four distinct endotypes | Integrated approach necessary for complex diseases |
| Wesolowska- Andersen, 2015 18 | Airway mucosa, sputum | Biomarkers for TH2 inflammation | Distinct but related TH2 endotypes | Multiple non-TH2 molecular endotypes |
| Tse, 2011 19 | Blood | Genetic analysis | Genetic determinants of drug response | See text for discussion |
TH1 indicates T-helper type 1 cells; TH2, T-helper type 2 cells; VOC, volatile organic compounds.