Table 1.
Information about protozoan parasites spread by human migratory activity.
| Name | Life cycle type | Vector | Origin | Current distribution |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plasmodiidae | ||||
| Plasmodium falciparum | indirect | Anopheles sp. | Western Africa | worldwide but mainly tropical and subtropical |
| Plasmodium vivax | indirect | Anopheles sp. | Central Africa | worldwide between latitudes 16° N and 20° S |
| Trypanosomatidae | ||||
| Leishmania infantum | indirect |
Lutzomyia sp. Phlebotomus sp. |
East Africa | Mediterranean region, Middle East, East Africa, China, Latin America |
| Trypanosoma evansi | indirect |
Tabanus sp. Stomoxys sp. |
Western Africa | North Africa, Near and Middle East, Central and South Asia, Latin America |
| Trypanosoma equiperdum | direct | - | Eastern Africa | Mediterranean region, North and South Africa, Asia, Latin America |
| Trypanosoma vivax | indirect |
Glossina sp. Tabanus sp. |
sub-Saharan Africa | tropical Africa, South America, Caribbean |
| Trypanosoma brucei | indirect | Glossina sp. | sub-Saharan Africa | sub-Saharan Africa |
| Trypanosoma cruzi | indirect |
Triatoma sp. Rhodnius sp. Panstrongylus sp. |
South America | South and Central America |