Table 3.

Information about nematodes spread by human migratory activity.

Name	Life cycle type	Intermediate host(s)/vector	Origin	Current distribution
Ancylostomatidae
Ancylostoma duodenale	direct	-	North African Mediterranean region	worldwide but predominately in the Middle East, North Africa and southern Europe
Necator americanus	direct	-	presumably in Africa	worldwide but predominately in the Americas and Australia
Trichuridae
Trichuris trichiura	direct	-	presumably in Africa	worldwide but more frequent in tropical areas
Ascariidae
Ascaris lumbricoides	direct	-	presumably in Africa	worldwide but predominately in tropical and subtropical areas
Strongyloidae
Strongyloides stercoralis	direct	-	presumably in Africa	worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas
Onchoceridae
Onchocerca volvulus	indirect	Simulium sp.	Africa	Africa, Middle East, Latin America
Filaridae
Wuchereria bancrofti	indirect	Aedes sp. Culex sp.	Malay Archipelago	worldwide in tropical areas
Mansonella perstans	indirect	Culicoides sp.	most likely in Africa	West and Central Africa, South America
Loa lao	indirect	Chrysops sp.	most likely in Africa	West and Central Africa
Dracunculoidea
Dracunculus medinensis	indirect	Cyclops sp.	presumably in Africa	sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, Middle East, India
Metastrongylidae
Angiostrongylus cantonensis	indirect	snails, slugs, crabs, shrimps	southern Asia	Southeast Asia, Pacific Basin, Africa, Caribbean