Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the included patients.
| Total | Malignancy | Benign | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 47 | 29 (61.7%) | 18 (38.3%) | – |
| Female | 24 (51.1%) | 16 (55.2%) | 8 (44.4%) | 0.474 |
| Age (year) | 59.0 (50.0–63.0) | 61.0 (52.5–66.0) | 56.5(41.3–60.0) | 0.074 |
| Age > 70 | 7 (14.9%) | 5 (17.2%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.692a |
| Diabetes mellitus | 3 (6.4%) | 1 (3.5%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0.549a |
| Smoking | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (3.5%) | 0 (0%) | > 0.999a |
| History of biliary surgery | 6 (12.8%) | 3 (10.3%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.662a |
| Hepatitis virus infection | 2 (4.3%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0 (0%) | 0.517a |
| Acute biliary infection* | 20 (42.6%) | 9 (31.0%) | 11 (61.1%) | 0.069a |
| Hyperbilirubinemia (≥ 2 mg/dl) | 17 (36.2%) | 16 (55.2%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.007a |
| C-reactive protein level (μg/ml) | 0.50 (0.50–4.75) | 0.50 (0.50–3.65) | 0.50 (0.50–9.02) | 0.802 |
| WBC count (× 109/L) | 5.91 (4.58–7.52) | 5.95 (5.30–7.96) | 5.52 (4.28–6.60) | 0.175 |
| ALT (U/L) | 34.0 (19.0–65.0) | 49.0 (21.0–92.5) | 29.0 (12.75–45.00) | 0.037 |
| AKP (U/L) | 140.0 (79.0–268.0) | 164.0 (109.50–387.50) | 91.5 (46.5–158.25) | 0.004 |
| GGT (U/L) | 172.0 (30.0–309.0) | 201.0 (43.0–311.50) | 68.50 (20.75–257.25) | 0.090 |
| CA 19-9 level (U/ml) | 35.0 (10.40–110.00) | 61.30 (12.20–141.00) | 15.45 (8.65–41.73) | 0.088 |
| CEA level (ng/ml) | 1.90 (1.20–3.10) | 1.90 (1.35–3.75) | 1.90 (0.90–2.95) | 0.341 |
| Elevated CA 19-9 level (> 37 U/ml) | 24 (51.1%) | 18 (62.1%) | 6 (33.3%) | 0.055 |
| Elevated CA 19-9 level (> 90 U/ml) | 14 (29.8%) | 11 (37.9%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0.104 |
| Elevated CEA level (> 5 ng/ml) | 7 (14.9%) | 6 (20.7%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0.225a |
| Elevated CEA level (> 10 ng/ml) | 1 (2.1%) | 1 (3.45%) | 0 (0%) | > 0.999a |
| Positive UCAD testing | 28 (59.6%) | 26 (89.7%) | 2 (11.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma | 5 (10.6%) | 5 (17.2%) | – | – |
| Perihilar cholangiocarcinoma | 10 (21.3%) | 10 (34.5%) | – | – |
| Distal cholangiocarcinoma | 6 (12.8%) | 6 (20.7%) | – | – |
| Gallbladder cancer | 8 (17.0%) | 8 (27.6%) | – | – |
| Hepatolithiasis | 4 (8.5%) | – | 4 (22.2%) | – |
| Choledochal cyst | 1 (2.1%) | – | 1 (5.6%) | – |
| Gallbladder polyps | 4 (8.5%) | – | 4 (22.2%) | – |
| Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis | 3 (6.4%) | – | 3 (16.7%) | – |
| IgG4-related cholangitis (≥ 135 mg/dl) | 1 (2.1%) | – | 1 (5.6%) | – |
| Benign biliary stricture | 5 (10.6%) | – | 5 (27.8%) | – |
⁎
Including acute cholecystitis and cholangitis.
AKP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; BTC, biliary tract cancer; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; WBC, white blood cell.
a
Fisher exact test was used.
Bold values indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05).