(A) Chemical structure of paromomycin (PAR) with ring numbering. (B) Comparison of paromomycin conformations in different structures. Paromomycin from three prior structural models (Kurata et al., 2008; Selmer et al., 2006; Vicens and Westhof, 2001), shown in yellow, dark pink, and light blue, respectively, superimposed with the present model of paromomycin, shown in pink. The binding pocket formed by 16S rRNA is shown in light purple. (C) Overall positioning of PAR within the binding site including solvation. (D) Paromomycin ring IV contacts to the phosphate backbone in 16S rRNA helix h44. Dashed lines denote contacts within hydrogen-bonding distance. The map was blurred with a B factor of 10 Å2.