Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Entire population | Propensity score matched population | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LOD (N = 7958) | Mild elevation (N = 4457) | p-Value | SMD | LOD (N = 3869) | Mild elevation (N = 3869) | SMD | |
| aPreoperative hs-cTn I, ng/L | 6 | 16 (± 9) | 6 | 16 (± 9) | |||
| Preoperative variables | |||||||
| Male | 4432 (55.7) | 2603 (58.4) | 0.004 | 5.5 | 2217 (57.3) | 2233 (57.7) | 0.8 |
| Age | 58.0 (± 18.0) | 63.9 (± 17.0) | < 0.001 | 34.2 | 62.6 (± 16.0) | 63.0 (± 17.4) | 2.2 |
| Hypertension | 4417 (55.5) | 3322 (74.5) | < 0.001 | 40.7 | 2722 (70.4) | 2741 (70.8) | 1.1 |
| Diabetes | 1924 (24.2) | 1528 (34.3) | < 0.001 | 22.4 | 1196 (30.9) | 1190 (30.8) | 0.3 |
| Coronary artery disease | 802 (10.1) | 811 (18.2) | < 0.001 | 23.5 | 585 (15.1) | 578 (14.9) | 0.5 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 268 (3.4) | 630 (14.1) | < 0.001 | 38.8 | 264 (6.8) | 264 (6.8) | < 0.1 |
| Previous stroke | 485 (6.1) | 397 (8.9) | < 0.001 | 10.7 | 321 (8.3) | 313 (8.1) | 0.8 |
| Arrhythmia | 339 (4.3) | 452 (10.1) | < 0.001 | 22.9 | 287 (7.4) | 303 (7.8) | 1.6 |
| Current smoking | 663 (8.3) | 310 (7.0) | 0.01 | 5.2 | 271 (7.0) | 284 (7.3) | 1.3 |
| Preoperative hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.5 (± 2.0) | 11.7 (± 2.2) | < 0.001 | 37.8 | 11.9 (± 2.1) | 11.9 (± 2.1) | 0.5 |
| Medication | |||||||
| Antiplatelet agent | 2232 (28.0) | 1921 (43.1) | < 0.001 | 31.8 | 1453 (37.6) | 1474 (38.1) | 1.1 |
| Statin | 2165 (27.2) | 1637 (36.7) | < 0.001 | 20.5 | 1263 (32.6) | 1277 (33.0) | 0.8 |
| Beta-blocker | 1689 (21.2) | 1710 (38.4) | < 0.001 | 38.2 | 1262 (32.6) | 1266 (32.7) | 0.2 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 2586 (32.5) | 2180 (48.9) | < 0.001 | 33.9 | 1725 (44.6) | 1703 (44.0) | 1.1 |
| RAAS inhibitor | 2236 (28.1) | 2001 (44.9) | < 0.001 | 35.4 | 1520 (39.3) | 1520 (39.3) | < 0.1 |
| ESC/ESA surgical risk | < 0.001 | 13 | 7.3 | ||||
| Mild | 2441 (30.7) | 1154 (25.9) | 1112 (28.7) | 1042 (26.9) | |||
| Intermediate | 4554 (57.2) | 2833 (63.6) | 2265 (58.5) | 2397 (62.0) | |||
| High | 963 (12.1) | 470 (10.5) | 492 (12.7) | 430 (11.1) | |||
| Operation type | < 0.001 | 24.9 | 10.4 | ||||
| Vascular | 982 (12.3) | 672 (15.1) | 489 (12.6) | 507 (13.1) | |||
| Orthopedics | 2371 (29.8) | 1378 (30.9) | 1198(31.0) | 1192 (30.8) | |||
| Abdominal | 984 (12.4) | 706 (15.8) | 590 (15.2) | 596 (15.4) | |||
| Thoracic | 22 (0.3) | 8 (0.2) | 7 (0.2) | 8 (0.2) | |||
| Neuro | 2437 (30.6) | 911 (20.4) | 1007 (26.0) | 876 (22.6) | |||
| Otolaryngology, eye | 707 (8.9) | 486 (10.9) | 341 (8.8) | 429 (11.1) | |||
| Urology, gynecology | 455 (5.7) | 296 (6.6) | 237 (6.1) | 261 (6.7) | |||
| Emergency | 1706 (21.4) | 1194 (26.8) | < 0.001 | 12.5 | 1004 (25.9) | 1012 (26.2) | 0.5 |
| General anesthesia | 6449 (81.0) | 3183 (71.4) | < 0.001 | 22.7 | 2902 (75.0) | 2905 (75.1) | 0.2 |
| aIntraoperative variables | |||||||
| Operation duration, minute | 161.0 (± 142.1) | 139.9 (± 129.3) | < 0.001 | 157.0 (± 143.6) | 145.2 (± 132.6) | 8.5 | |
| Inotropic drug requirement | 2798 (35.2) | 1751 (39.3) | < 0.001 | 1487 (38.4) | 1511 (39.1) | 1.3 | |
| Red blood cell transfusion | 2978 (37.2) | 1506 (33.8) | < 0.001 | 1374 (35.5) | 1369 (35.4) | 0.3 | |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean (± standard deviation).
LOD limit of detection; hs-cTn high-sensitivity cardiac troponin; RAAS renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system; ESC European Society of Cardiology; ESA European Society of Anaesthesiology.
aPreoperative hs-cTn level and intraoperative variables were not included in propensity score matching.