Table 2.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics in ACLF patients with and without elevated ammonia.
| Ammonia < 89 (n = 116) | Ammonia ≥ 89 (n = 58) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 82 70.7 | 38 65.5 | 0.487 |
| Complications, N (%) | |||
| SBP | 27 (23.3%) | 8 (13.8%) | 0.141 |
| Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 11 (9.5%) | 9 (15.5%) | 0.239 |
| Ascites | 112 (96.6%) | 58 (100%) | 0.303 |
| Infection | 12 (10.3%) | 12 (20.7%) | 0.062 |
| HE | 49 (36.2%) | 29 (50%) | 0.081 |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| ALP (U/L) | 136.97 ± 54.55 | 172.43 ± 105.49 | 0.019 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.34 ± 0.57 | 1.17 ± 0.45 | 0.049 |
| VLDL (mmol/L) | 1.07 ± 0.66 | 0.86 ± 0.57 | 0.04 |
| PT (s) | 23.88 ± 7.23 | 26.28 ± 6.52 | 0.035 |
| Organ failures | |||
| Liver | 86 (74.1%) | 50 (86.2%) | 0.069 |
| Kidney | 3 (2.6%) | 2 (3.4%) | 1 |
| Cerebral | 6 (5.2%) | 21 (36.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Coagulation | 19 (16.4%) | 23 (39.7%) | 0.001 |
| Circulation | 8 (6.9%) | 9 (15.5%) | 0.071 |
| Lung | 10 (8.6%) | 8 (13.8%) | 0.291 |
| ACLF grade | |||
| ACLF grade 0 | 85 (73.3%) | 22 (37.9%) | < 0.001 |
| ACLF grade 1 | 2 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| ACLF grade 2 | 20 (17.2%) | 18 (31%) | |
| ACLF grade 3 | 9 (7.8%) | 18 (31%) | |
| 28-day mortality | 38 (32.8%) | 34 (58.6%) | 0.001 |
| Survival time | 23.12 ± 8.07 | 20.07 ± 8.88 | 0.024 |
| Prognostic score | |||
| CLIF-C OF | 8.36 ± 1.76 | 9.88 ± 2.24 | < 0.001 |
| CLIF-C ACLF | 40.49 ± 8.55 | 47.04 ± 10.57 | < 0.001 |