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. 2020 Oct 12;7:335. doi: 10.1038/s41597-020-00663-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Overview of the StableClim database. Simulated climate data for temperature and precipitation for pre-industrial, past, historical, and future climates come from 19 CMIP5 climate models (a). Paleo climatic conditions come from the TRaCE-21ka simulation. One-hundred-year trends in mean temperature for the past, historical, and future climates are provided at global and regional scales (b). Gridded datasets (n = 10,368 cells) of trend, variability, and signal to noise-ratio for the past, historical, and future climates are provided at global scales (c). Thresholds are used to identify past and future periods of rapid warming and cooling and stable climatic periods based on natural variability from the pre-industrial control runs (d). Thresholds are applied to the continuous grid-based trends, variability, and signal-to-noise ratio (21,000 B.P. to 100 C.E.), allowing estimates of climatic stability during specific periods in Earth’s history and potential future (e).