Table 4.
Multivariable linear regression analysis of fertilization, embryo cleavage, AB embryo, embryo fragmentation, blastocyst and implantation rates on relative sperm telomere length, and independent variables in the total population and in normozoospermic and non-normozoospermic patients
| Population | Dependent variables | Independent variables | Coefficient | 95% confidence interval | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | |||||
| Fertilization rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.542 | − 0.184 to 1.269 | 0.141 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.008 | − 0.012 to 0.029 | 0.411 | ||
| TSC | < − 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.965 | ||
| Female age | − 0.002 | − 0.020 to 0.016 | 0.834 | ||
| Male age | 0.004 | − 0.013 to 0.020 | 0.672 | ||
| AMH | 0.005 | − 0.025 to 0.036 | 0.724 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.019 | 0.001 to 0.037 | 0.040 | ||
| Embryo cleavage rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.957 | 0.679 to 1.236 | 0.000 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.000 | − 0.008 to 0.007 | 0.900 | ||
| TSC | < − 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.804 | ||
| Female age | 0.002 | − 0.005 to 0.009 | 0.570 | ||
| Male age | − 0.001 | − 0.007 to 0.006 | 0.838 | ||
| AMH | 0.002 | − 0.010 to 0.013 | 0.789 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.004 | − 0.011 to 0.003 | 0.252 | ||
| AB embryo rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.946 | 0.767 to 1.125 | 0.000 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.004 | − 0.009 to 0.001 | 0.123 | ||
| TSC | < 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.033 | ||
| Female age | 0.001 | − 0.003 to 0.006 | 0.621 | ||
| Male age | < 0.000 | − 0.004 to 0.004 | 0.987 | ||
| AMH | − 0.010 | − 0.17 to − 0.002 | 0.011 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.003 | − 0.002 to 0.009 | 0.195 | ||
| Embryo fragmentation rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.069 | − 0.041 to 0.180 | 0.213 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.002 | − 0.001 to 0.005 | 0.136 | ||
| TSC | < − 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.078 | ||
| Female age | 0.000 | − 0.003 to 0.002 | 0.843 | ||
| Male age | − 0.001 | − 0.004 to 0.001 | 0.285 | ||
| AMH | 0.001 | − 0.003 to 0.006 | 0.618 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.001 | − 0.004 to 0.002 | 0.595 | ||
| Blastocyst rate | |||||
| Constant | 1.758 | 0.758 to 2.758 | 0.001 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.003 | − 0.037 to 0.030 | 0.836 | ||
| TSC | < − 0.000 | − 0.001 to 0.000 | 0.874 | ||
| Female age | − 0.005 | − 0.028 to 0.018 | 0.647 | ||
| Male age | − 0.012 | − 0.034 to 0.011 | 0.296 | ||
| AMH | − 0.044 | − 0.061 to 0.010 | 0.157 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.025 | − 0.075 to 0.012 | 0.008 | ||
| Implantation rate | |||||
| Constant | 1.496 | 0.276 to 2.716 | 0.017 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.011 | − 0.044 to 0.022 | 0.508 | ||
| TSC | 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.001 | 0.146 | ||
| Female age | 0.004 | − 0.021 to 0.030 | 0.735 | ||
| Male age | − 0.035 | − 0.062 to − 0.008 | 0.013 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.025 | − 0.066 to 0.015 | 0.213 | ||
| Number of embryos transferred | − 0.176 | − 0.399 to 0.047 | 0.120 | ||
| Day of embryo transfer | 0.096 | − 0.011 to 0.203 | 0.077 | ||
| Normozoospermic | |||||
| Fertilization rate | |||||
| Constant | 1.269 | 0.284 to 2.255 | 0.014 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.003 | − 0.017 to 0.022 | 0.782 | ||
| TSC | < 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.887 | ||
| Female age | − 0.002 | − 0.023 to 0.019 | 0.862 | ||
| Male age | − 0.010 | − 0.029 to 0.009 | 0.281 | ||
| AMH | 0.013 | − 0.024 to 0.025 | 0.599 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.000 | − 0.036 to 0.061 | 0.973 | ||
| Embryo cleavage rate | |||||
| Constant | 1.039 | 0.904 to 1.173 | 0.000 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.001 | − 0.004 to 0.002 | 0.403 | ||
| TSC | < − 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.117 | ||
| Female age | − 0.001 | − 0.004 to 0.002 | 0.581 | ||
| Male age | 0.000 | − 0.002 to 0.003 | 0.844 | ||
| AMH | − 0.003 | − 0.010 to 0.003 | 0.309 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.000 | − 0.003 to 0.004 | 0.901 | ||
| AB embryo rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.848 | 0.577 to 1.119 | 0.000 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.001 | − 0.006 to 0.004 | 0.609 | ||
| TSC | < 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.224 | ||
| Female age | 0.002 | − 0.004 to 0.007 | 0.511 | ||
| Male age | 0.001 | − 0.004 to 0.007 | 0.587 | ||
| AMH | 0.002 | − 0.011 to 0.015 | 0.704 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.001 | − 0.007 to 0.009 | 0.858 | ||
| Embryo fragmentation rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.126 | − 0.102 to 0.354 | 0.265 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.001 | − 0.003 to 0.006 | 0.500 | ||
| TSC | < − 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.231 | ||
| Female age | − 0.002 | − 0.007 to 0.003 | 0.451 | ||
| Male age | − 0.001 | − 0.005 to 0.003 | 0.638 | ||
| AMH | − 0.003 | − 0.014 to 0.008 | 0.565 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.001 | − 0.005 to 0.007 | 0.745 | ||
| Blastocyst rate | |||||
| Constant | 1.006 | − 0.784 to 2.795 | 0.235 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.023 | − 0.090 to 0.045 | 0.465 | ||
| TSC | 0.000 | − 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.704 | ||
| Female age | 0.012 | − 0.020 to 0.043 | 0.432 | ||
| Male age | − 0.008 | − 0.037 to 0.022 | 0.558 | ||
| AMH | − 0.017 | − 0.113 to 0.080 | 0.706 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.042 | − 0.126 to 0.041 | 0.282 | ||
| Implantation rate | |||||
| Constant | 2.298 | 0.206 to 4.390 | 0.033 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.003 | − 0.050 to 0.044 | 0.904 | ||
| TSC | < 0.000 | − 0.001 to 0.001 | 0.858 | ||
| Female age | − 0.016 | − 0.055 to 0.023 | 0.394 | ||
| Male age | − 0.039 | − 0.084 to 0.006 | 0.084 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.032 | − 0.105 to 0.040 | 0.363 | ||
| Number of embryos transferred | 0.007 | − 0.408 to 0.422 | 0.973 | ||
| Day of embryo transfer | 0.103 | − 0.092 to 0.299 | 0.284 | ||
| Non-normozoospermic | |||||
| Fertilization rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.170 | − 1.009 to 1.348 | 0.771 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.012 | − 0.065 to 0.042 | 0.660 | ||
| TSC | − 0.001 | − 0.002 to 0.000 | 0.011 | ||
| Female age | 0.007 | − 0.025 to 0.040 | 0.644 | ||
| Male age | 0.008 | − 0.018 to 0.033 | 0.534 | ||
| AMH | 0.004 | − 0.036 to 0.044 | 0.829 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.031 | 0.004 to 0.057 | 0.024 | ||
| Embryo cleavage rate | |||||
| Constant | 1.032 | 0.423 to 1.641 | 0.002 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.002 | − 0.026 to 0.031 | 0.867 | ||
| TSC | 0.000 | − 0.001 to 0.000 | 0.692 | ||
| Female age | 0.002 | − 0.014 to 0.019 | 0.774 | ||
| Male age | − 0.003 | − 0.016 to 0.010 | 0.644 | ||
| AMH | 0.005 | − 0.016 to 0.025 | 0.652 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.008 | − 0.022 to 0.006 | 0.245 | ||
| AB embryo rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.983 | 0.661 to 1.305 | 0.000 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.013 | − 0.028 to 0.003 | 0.097 | ||
| TSC | 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.494 | ||
| Female age | 0.000 | − 0.009 to 0.009 | 0.937 | ||
| Male age | 0.001 | − 0.007 to 0.009 | 0.724 | ||
| AMH | − 0.016 | − 0.27 to − 0.004 | 0.012 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.004 | − 0.004 to 0.012 | 0.341 | ||
| Embryo fragmentation rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.050 | − 0.101 to 0.200 | 0.506 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.007 | 0.000 to 0.014 | 0.049 | ||
| TSC | < − 0.000 | 0.000 to 0.000 | 0.399 | ||
| Female age | 0.001 | − 0.003 to 0.005 | 0.682 | ||
| Male age | − 0.003 | − 0.006 to 0.001 | 0.120 | ||
| AMH | 0.002 | − 0.001 to 0.009 | 0.209 | ||
| Number of MII | 0.004 | − 0.005 to 0.001 | 0.140 | ||
| Blastocyst rate | |||||
| Constant | 3.254 | 1.745 to 4.764 | 0.001 | ||
| Relative STL | − 0.052 | − 0.129 to 0.025 | 0.164 | ||
| TSC | − 0.002 | − 0.004 to 0.000 | 0.027 | ||
| Female age | − 0.032 | − 0.074 to 0.011 | 0.125 | ||
| Male age | − 0.020 | − 0.059 to 0.019 | 0.280 | ||
| AMH | − 0.025 | − 0.073 to 0.022 | 0.157 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.025 | − 0.061 to 0.011 | 0.264 | ||
| Implantation rate | |||||
| Constant | 0.732 | − 1.426 to 2.890 | 0.490 | ||
| Relative STL | 0.024 | − 0.078 to 0.127 | 0.627 | ||
| TSC | 0.000 | − 0.002 to 0.002 | 0.679 | ||
| Female age | 0.032 | − 0.011 to 0.075 | 0.142 | ||
| Male age | − 0.043 | − 0.086 to 0.000 | 0.048 | ||
| Number of MII | − 0.024 | − 0.081 to 0.034 | 0.405 | ||
| Number of embryos transferred | − 0.366 | − 0.700 to − 0.033 | 0.033 | ||
| Day of embryo transfer | 0.133 | − 0.025 to 0.290 | 0.095 | ||
AB embryo, high-quality embryos; STL, sperm telomere length; TSC, total sperm count; AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; MII, mature oocytes, at metaphase II of meiosis