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. 2020 Oct 12;10:17048. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73863-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) 3D printed construct of the Cartilage Portion (gelatin/elastin/sodium hyaluronate soft membrane). The knobs on the 3D printed membrane are constructed to mechanically interlock the Cartilage Portion to the Bone one. (B) Degradation kinetics of the Cartilage Portion—the weight of the sample at each time point has been normalized to the initial weight of the sample and exploited as an indicator for degradation magnitude. (C–F) Chondrocyte attachment on the gelatin/elastin/sodium-hyaluronate construct one day after seeding. The magnification of SEM images increases from (C) to (F).