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. 2020 Sep 29;11:2002. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02002

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Copyright © 2020 Purves-Tyson, Robinson, Brown, Boerrigter, Cai, Weissleder, Owens, Rothmond and Shannon Weickert.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Evidence for increased peripheral macrophages (FN1) and pro-inflammatory potential in the midbrain of a subset of schizophrenia cases classified as high inflammatory. (A) Gene expression of the macrophage-enriched marker, fibronectin 1 (FN1; F = 4.58, df = 51,2, p = 0.015) is increased in the midbrain in schizophrenia cases with a high inflammatory biotype compared to the control group. (B) The microglia marker, HEXB mRNA, showed a trend toward a change (F = 2.74, df = 50,2, p = 0.074). This was due to a small increase (17.57%) in HEXB gene expression in the low inflammatory/schizophrenia subgroup compared to the control group. (C) CD64 mRNA, a marker associated with activated or pro-inflammatory macrophages was increased (F = 30.19, df = 50,2, p < 0.0001) in the high inflammatory/schizophrenia subgroup compared to both the low inflammatory/schizophrenia subgroup and the control group. (D) MRC1 mRNA, a marker of anti-inflammatory or resting macrophages, was unchanged by inflammatory subgroup (F = 0.11, df = 49,2, p = 0.90). Data are mean ± SEM, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.