Table 1.
Tumor marker ganglioside targets.
| Malignancy | GD2 | GD3 | Fucosyl-GM1 | GM2 | GM3 | PolySia (52) | Sialyl Lewis X |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuroblastoma | (53–55) | (55) | (56) | (57, 58) | (59) | (60, 61) | |
| Melanoma | (55) | (55, 62) | (63) | (64) | (65) | ||
| Glioma | (66) | (67–69) | (52, 70) | (71–73) | (74) | ||
| Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) | (75) | (76) | (77, 78) | (79, 80) | (81, 82) | ||
| Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) | (83) | (83) | (75, 83, 84) | (83) | |||
| Breast carcinoma | (85) | (85–87) | (85) | (85) | (88) | (81, 82) | |
| Renal cell cancer | (89) | (90) | (91) | (92) | |||
| Ovarian cancer | (93) | (94) | (93) | (93) | (95) | ||
| Soft tissue sarcomas | (96) | (96) | |||||
| Osteosarcoma | (97) | (98, 99) | |||||
| Ewing's sarcoma | (100, 101) | (99) | (102) | ||||
| Desmoplastic Round Cell | (103) | (99) | |||||
| Rhabdomyosarc. | (99) | (99) | |||||
| Retinoblastoma | (104) | (105) | |||||
| Wilms tumor | (91, 106) | (107) | |||||
| Medullary thyroid cancer | (108) | ||||||
| Prostate Cancer | (109) | ||||||
| Gastric cancer | (109) | (109) | (81) | ||||
| Endometrial | (109) | (52, 109) | |||||
| Pancreatic | (109) | (109) | (81) | ||||
| Colon Cancer | (109) | (81, 82) | |||||
| Esophageal | (81) | ||||||
| Head and neck | (81, 82) |
Select cancers where there is evidence for TMG expression in >50% of all patients in the indicated malignancy. This table is shown to exemplify the prevalence of TMGs. The cells with no entry reflect ≤ 50% prevalence, or that we omitted literature that we deem unreliable for this review because very few biopsies were phenotyped. The list ranges from ~95% (Neuroblastoma), to ~80% (Melanoma), to ~50% (Head and Neck) of patients. When expressed in a patient the TMGs are present homogeneously in tumor nodules and cells. Gold color denotes literature from many laboratories, or evidence confirmed by the authors of this review.