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. 2020 Sep 29;8:549. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00549

Table 2.

Twenty-four known metabolites out of the 25 biologically and technically replicated metabolites.

Metabolite HMDB Super pathway Sub pathway Batch Median of normalized data Four age group comparison Pairwise comparisons
KW test Spearman test Mann-Whitney p < 0.001*
Infant (AG1) Early childhood (AG2) Late childhood (AG3) Adolescent (AG4) p-value Rho p-value AG1 vs. AG2 AG1 vs. AG3 AG1 vs. AG4
10-heptadecenoate (17:1n7) HMDB60038 Lipid Long chain fatty acid 1 −1.30 0.46 0.87 0.38 3.13E-07 0.74 1.42E-09 x x x
2 −1.16 0.55 0.60 0.31 2.41E-06 0.65 6.94E-07 x x x
3 −0.75 0.22 0.91 0.01 1.34E-05 0.68 6.58E-08 x
10-non-adecenoate (19:1n9) HMDB13622 Lipid Long chain fatty acid 1 −1.20 0.46 0.71 0.01 6.56E-07 0.66 3.15E-07 x x x
2 −1.08 0.78 0.69 0.08 1.16E-06 0.55 4.58E-05 x x
3 −0.87 0.62 0.86 0.11 2.08E-05 0.64 4.69E-07 x
Margarate (17:0) HMDB02259 Lipid Long chain fatty acid 1 −0.98 0.53 0.31 0.09 1.72E-06 0.62 2.11E-06 x x x
2 −0.84 0.56 0.71 −0.08 3.29E-06 0.52 1.55E-04 x x
3 −0.72 0.56 0.70 0.15 1.66E-05 0.66 1.70E-07 x
Taurodeoxycholate HMDB00951 Lipid Primary bile acid metabolism 1 −1.55 0.10 −0.10 0.00 1.60E-04 0.51 2.18E-04 x x
2 −3.18 0.20 −0.09 0.13 6.21E-06 0.57 2.12E-05 x x x
3 −2.17 −0.04 0.10 0.20 1.61E-06 0.76 1.39E-10 x x
Beta-alanine HMDB00056 Nucleotide Pyrimidine metabolism, uracil containing 1 1.00 −0.53 0.23 −0.58 8.71E-05 −0.48 5.02E-04 x x
2 1.03 −0.36 −0.15 −0.75 2.60E-05 −0.50 2.77E-04 x x
3 0.91 −0.62 −0.18 −0.74 1.63E-04 −0.48 4.63E-04
Pseudouridine HMDB00767 Nucleotide Pyrimidine metabolism, uracil containing 1 0.95 −0.04 −0.43 −0.68 3.90E-06 −0.69 4.25E-08 x x x
2 0.97 −0.38 −0.28 −0.63 4.03E-05 −0.57 2.65E-05 x x x
3 1.09 −0.79 −1.14 −0.36 1.34E-08 −0.82 5.61E-13 x x x
Uridine HMDB00296 Nucleotide Pyrimidine metabolism, uracil containing 1 −0.97 0.42 0.33 0.45 2.88E-06 0.60 7.99E-06 x x x
2 −0.96 0.24 0.05 0.35 2.73E-05 0.51 2.45E-04 x x x
3 −0.77 0.58 0.82 0.38 1.34E-08 0.85 3.83E-15 x x x
Hypoxanthine HMDB00157 Nucleotide Purine metabolism, (Hypo)Xanthine/Inosine containing 1 −1.83 0.66 0.73 0.77 1.81E-06 0.64 1.20E-06 x x x
2 −2.71 1.07 1.00 1.40 9.45E-06 0.58 1.51E-05 x x x
3 −0.58 0.21 0.91 0.43 8.54E-08 0.82 2.95E-13 x x x
Inosine HMDB00195 Nucleotide Purine metabolism, (Hypo)Xanthine/Inosine containing 1 −1.70 0.60 0.73 0.82 2.53E-06 0.65 4.88E-07 x x x
2 −2.17 0.78 0.77 1.37 3.13E-06 0.60 6.54E-06 x x x
3 −1.16 0.83 1.07 0.57 8.44E-08 0.80 4.07E-12 x x x
Urate HMDB00289 Nucleotide Purine metabolism, (Hypo)Xanthine/Inosine containing 1 1.47 −0.37 −0.54 −1.09 1.31E-06 −0.65 5.23E-07 x x x
2 2.04 −0.83 −0.38 −1.40 6.32E-06 −0.56 2.94E-05 x x x
3 1.03 −1.19 0.65 −0.48 1.43E-05 −0.64 5.04E-07 x x
S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) HMDB00939 Amino acid Methionine, cysteine, SAM, and taurine metabolism 1 −1.21 0.39 0.57 0.34 2.82E-06 0.67 1.65E-07 x x x
2 −1.28 0.22 0.07 0.03 2.07E-05 0.54 7.29E-05 x x x
3 −0.91 0.75 0.75 0.43 2.30E-06 0.68 4.18E-08 x x x
Gamma-glutamylmethionine HMDB29155 Peptide Gamma-glutamyl amino acid 1 −0.69 0.31 −0.13 0.34 4.92E-04 0.33 2.35E-02 x x
2 −1.20 0.21 0.67 0.41 1.88E-05 0.68 8.57E-08 x x x
3 −1.40 1.08 0.88 1.19 3.10E-06 0.66 2.08E-07 x x
Prolylglycine HMDB11178 Peptide Dipeptide 1 −0.78 −0.13 0.55 0.14 5.95E-05 0.68 1.10E-07 x x
2 −0.76 −0.19 0.84 0.14 3.17E-05 0.71 1.97E-08 x
3 −0.93 0.39 0.73 0.38 3.65E-05 0.65 2.53E-07 x
Nicotinamide HMDB00902 Cofactors and vitamins Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism 1 −0.92 0.44 0.28 0.41 3.34E-06 0.57 2.80E-05 x x x
2 −0.87 0.44 0.21 0.52 1.55E-06 0.51 1.90E-04 x x x
3 −0.74 0.64 0.76 0.54 3.90E-08 0.83 1.52E-13 x x x
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) HMDB00229 Cofactors and vitamins Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism 1 −1.50 0.47 0.54 0.25 2.89E-06 0.56 3.64E-05 x x x
2 −0.88 0.43 0.36 0.08 1.97E-05 0.48 5.52E-04 x x x
3 −1.17 0.72 0.95 0.67 7.02E-08 0.78 2.25E-11 x x x
Glycolithocholate sulfate* HMDB02639 Cofactors and vitamins Secondary bile acid metabolism 1 −1.02 −0.05 0.22 0.81 9.35E-03 0.48 5.51E-04
2 −2.46 0.16 0.53 0.74 1.55E-05 0.68 9.77E-08 x x x
3 −1.85 −0.10 0.78 0.59 6.76E-07 0.79 1.38E-11 x x
Heme HMDB03178 Cofactors and vitamins Hemoglobin and porphyrin metabolism 1 −0.49 −1.07 −1.31 −1.10 7.81E-04 −0.54 6.87E-05
2 1.16 −1.68 −1.95 −1.64 3.22E-06 −0.67 2.25E-07 x x x
3 1.64 −1.82 −2.26 −1.58 1.71E-08 −0.86 1.52E-15 x x x
Hippurate HMDB00714 Xenobiotics Benzoate metabolism 1 −2.15 0.75 0.66 0.93 4.90E-05 0.59 8.63E-06 x x x
2 −1.99 0.63 0.76 1.25 5.32E-05 0.58 1.54E-05 x x x
3 −1.75 1.47 1.36 1.96 4.45E-06 0.64 7.07E-07 x x x
Lactobionate Carbohydrate Disaccharides and oligosaccharides 1 −3.12 0.16 −0.03 −0.21 3.04E-06 0.57 1.93E-05 x x x
2 −3.46 0.63 0.45 0.54 1.22E-05 0.54 7.82E-05 x x x
3 −3.08 1.12 1.29 0.23 2.29E-05 0.63 8.42E-07 x
Mannose HMDB00169 Carbohydrate Fructose, mannose, and galactose metabolism 1 −1.25 0.23 0.51 0.64 2.57E-06 0.71 2.18E-08 x x x
2 −0.97 0.17 0.38 0.52 2.52E-06 0.66 3.91E-07 x x x
3 −0.94 0.57 0.92 0.66 1.50E-07 0.80 2.28E-12 x x x
Raffinose HMDB03213 Carbohydrate Disaccharides and oligosaccharides 1 −2.87 0.47 0.11 0.34 7.21E-06 0.55 5.55E-05 x x x
2 −1.05 0.07 0.62 −0.04 7.20E-06 0.56 3.41E-05 x x x
3 −1.01 0.48 0.68 −0.42 1.01E-05 0.66 1.66E-07 x x
Ribose HMDB00283 Carbohydrate Pentose metabolism 1 −0.92 0.40 0.84 0.41 1.81E-05 0.67 2.40E-07 x x x
2 −1.05 0.26 0.62 0.42 5.04E-05 0.62 2.17E-06 x x x
3 −1.01 0.22 0.7s3 0.52 1.03E-05 0.70 1.69E-08 x x
Hexanoylglutamine 1 −1.60 0.33 0.42 0.83 1.81E-06 0.70 2.68E-08 x x x
2 −1.49 0.54 0.43 0.79 5.18E-06 0.64 9.67E-07 x x x
3 −1.88 0.57 1.54 0.74 3.89E-08 0.84 3.05E-14 x x x
Succinylcarnitine HMDB61717 Energy TCA cycle 1 −1.31 0.32 0.95 0.61 1.33E-06 0.74 1.38E-09 x x x
2 −1.24 0.40 0.96 0.36 5.27E-06 0.66 3.28E-07 x x x
3 −1.17 0.68 1.22 0.20 3.64E-08 0.83 1.07E-13 x x x
*

No Mann-Whitney Tests between Early Childhood, Late Childhood or Adolescent had p < 0.001.