Table 1.

Characteristics of the participants in the two cross-sectional studies with adults and children

	Adults						Children
	n 268a			n 1797			n 206
	Mean/proportion	sd	Range	Mean/ proportion	sd	Range	Mean/proportion	sd	Range
Gender (females/males) (% (n))	54/46 (144/124)			56/44 (1005/792)			45/55 (92/114)
Age (years)	50⋅1	16⋅8	19–80	48⋅0	17	18–80	11⋅3b	0⋅5	10–12
BMI (kg/m2)	25⋅5	4⋅0	17⋅5–45⋅9	25⋅5	4⋅3	16⋅7–47⋅5	18⋅6	2⋅9	13⋅4–29⋅1
Females	25⋅3	4⋅6	17⋅5–45⋅9	25⋅0	4⋅6	16⋅7–45⋅9	18⋅57	3⋅1	13⋅4–29⋅1
Males	25⋅7	3⋅2	19⋅0–35⋅5	26⋅1	3⋅8	18⋅5–47⋅5	18⋅62	2⋅8	14⋅4–28⋅2
Education (%)							-
≤9 years	10			14
10–12 years	46			42
>12 years	44			44
Region (%)
North Sweden	14			13			17
Middle Sweden	43			41			60
South Sweden	43			46			22
Born outside Europe (% (n))	3⋅0 (8)			3⋅1 (55)			14⋅6 (30)
Females	1⋅4 (2)			2⋅8 (28)			16⋅3 (15)
Males	4⋅8 (6)			3⋅4 (27)			13⋅2 (15)
Dietary intake of vitamin D (μg/d)	7⋅3	4⋅6	1⋅3–24⋅1	7⋅0	4⋅8	0⋅3–44⋅7	5⋅3	3⋅0	0⋅6–23⋅1
Females	6⋅4	4⋅1	1⋅3–20⋅3	6⋅4	4⋅2	0⋅3–34⋅0	4⋅7	2⋅3	0⋅6–15⋅3
Males	8⋅4	4⋅8	1⋅5–24⋅1	7⋅6	5⋅4	0⋅3–44⋅7	5⋅8	3⋅4	0⋅6–23⋅1
P value	<0⋅0001			0⋅001			0⋅008
Dietary intake of vitamin D (μg/10 MJ)	8⋅6	5⋅0	1⋅7–25⋅3	8⋅6	5⋅5	0⋅3–48⋅2	7⋅4	4⋅0	1⋅2–28⋅6
Females	8⋅3	5⋅0	1⋅8–25⋅3	8⋅8	5⋅4	0⋅6–37⋅6	6⋅6	2⋅8	1⋅2–15⋅4
Males	9⋅0	5⋅0	1⋅7–25⋅3	8⋅3	5⋅6	0⋅3–48⋅2	8⋅1	4⋅7	1⋅9–28⋅6
P value	0⋅221			0⋅112			0⋅008
Use of vitamin D supplements (% (n))	7⋅5 (20)			7⋅6 (137)			7⋅3 (15)
Season of blood sampling				–
Summer (n)	210						105
Winter (n)	58						101
Smokers (%)c	14⋅5			14⋅9			0

^aIn the biomonitoring subsample were 25(OH)D concentrations in plasma measured.

^bGrade 5 in elementary school.

^cSmoking daily or occasionally.