Table 3.

Plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as determined using an LC-MS assay, in adults according to demographic and lifestyle factors

Variable	Mean P-25(OH)D (nmol/l)	sd	P value	P value adjusteda
Gender			0⋅265	0⋅264
Women	64⋅6	19⋅3
Men	62⋅2	16⋅8
BMI			0⋅018	0⋅026b
<24⋅9, n 140	66⋅3	18⋅8
25–29⋅9, n 92	62⋅1	16⋅4
>30, n 33	57⋅2	17⋅5
Education			0⋅320	0⋅186
≤9 years, n 28	59⋅5	16⋅0
10–12 years, n 122	65⋅0	19⋅3
>12 years, n 117	62⋅9	17⋅5
Income of householdc			0⋅082	0⋅055
Below median income, n 133	61⋅7	18⋅7
Above median income, n 134	65⋅5	17⋅3
Region			0⋅288	0⋅633
North Sweden, n 38	59⋅5	14⋅2
Middle Sweden, n 116	63⋅5	20⋅3
South Sweden, n 114	64⋅8	16⋅9
Residential area			0⋅004	0⋅008
Sparsely populated area and small municipalities, n 78	58⋅6	16⋅4
Large municipalities, n 190	65⋅5	18⋅5
Country of birth			<0⋅0001	<0⋅0001
Europe, n 260	64⋅3	17⋅7
Outside Europe, n 8	36⋅6	11⋅5
Size of family			0⋅046	0⋅030
1 person, n 54	58⋅3	17⋅4
2 persons, n 117	65⋅4	17⋅0
>3 persons, n 95	64⋅7	19⋅1
Family with children			0⋅648	0⋅966
Yes, n 85	63⋅1	19⋅5
No, n 167	64⋅2	17⋅2
Use of vitamin D supplements			0⋅049	0⋅026
Yes, n 20	71⋅2	28⋅3
No, n 248	62⋅9	17⋅0
Sun exposure behaviour			0⋅515	0⋅981
Sun, n 33	66⋅8	18⋅9
Shade, n 17	62⋅0	32⋅4
Sun and shade, n 216	63⋅1	16⋅6
Vacation in a sunny location during the previous 2 months			0⋅0001	0⋅0001
Yes, n 29	75⋅4	17⋅4
No, n 238	62⋅0	17⋅8
Smoking			0⋅323	0⋅455
Never/stopped smoking, n 226	63⋅9	18⋅5
Daily/occasionally, n 39	60⋅7	16⋅5

P-25(OH)D, plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D.

^aAdjusted for season, age, vacation in a sunny location during the previous 2 months, use of vitamin D supplements and BMI.

^bAdjusted for season, vacation in a sunny location during the previous 2 months and use of vitamin D supplements.

^cAnalysis based on annual income.