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. 2020 Sep 21;18(9):481. doi: 10.3390/md18090481

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effect of fucoidan concentration on the membrane integrity and metabolic activity in MSC and outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and OEC were treated with five different fucoidan concentrations ranging from 1–200 µg/mL. LDH release as an indicator for membrane integrity (a) and metabolic activity determined by MTS assay (b) were quantified after seven days of treatment. (c) MSC were treated with 1, 10 and 100 µg/mL fucoidan. The DNA content was quantified after seven days of treatment. The mean values of experiments with three individual donors ± s.e.m. were plotted. All values were normalized to the control. Significances compared to the control were calculated with Welch’s t-test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).