Table 2.
Nutrition parameters and clinical outcomes.
| Study | Mean ± SD/Median (IQR) | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Serum chemistry | ||
| Serum albumin | ||
| Sezer, 2008 [33] | 3.2 ± 0.8 g/dL | Serum albumin was not associated with mortality (β = 0.247, 95% CI: 0.047–1.304, p = 0.100) |
| Berbel, 2014 [21] | 2.4 g/dL * | Serum albumin was not associated with in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.436, 95% CI: 0.124–1.528, p = 0.19) |
| Bufarah, 2018 [22] | 2.4 g/dL * | Higher serum albumin was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.545, 95% CI: 0.401–0.417, p < 0.001) |
| Lins, 2000 [31] | 3.2 ± 0.9 g/dL | Lower serum albumin was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (RR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.14–1.97) |
| Demirjian, 2011 [25] | 2.4 ± 0.7 g/dL | Higher serum albumin was associated with lower 28-day mortality (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.98, p = 0.04) |
| Mendu, 2017 [32] | 2.5 ± 0.6 g/dL | Higher serum albumin was associated with lower 60-day mortality (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27–0.89, p = 0.02) |
| Chertow, 1998 [23] | 2.7 ± 0.7 g/dL | Serum albumin (per g/dL) was not associated with 60-day mortality (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.51–1.04, p = 0.08) |
| Xie, 2011 [35] | 3.2 ± 0.7 g/dL | Serum albumin (per 0.5 g/dL decrease) was not associated with 90-day mortality (HR: 0.967, p = 0.737) |
| Serum prealbumin | ||
| Gong, 2012 [27] | 13.5 (7.7) mg/dL | Serum prealbumin was not associated with mortality (OR: 0.328, 95% CI: 0.095–1.135, p = 0.078) |
| Wang, 2017 [34] | 17.6 ± 6.9 mg/dL | Serum prealbumin <10 mg/dL was associated with greater 90-day mortality (HR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.18–5.49, p = 0.02) |
| Xie, 2011 [35] | 15.1 ± 6.8 mg/dL | Serum prealbumin (per 5 mg/dL decrease) was not associated with 90-day mortality (HR: 1.099, p = 0.414) |
| Serum total cholesterol | ||
| Berbel, 2014 [21] | 125 mg/dL * | Serum total cholesterol was not associated with in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.005, 95% CI: 0.997–1.013, p = 0.19) |
| Burfarah, 2008 [22] | 119 mg/dL * | Serum total cholesterol was not associated with in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.991–1.000, p = 0.052) |
| Guimaraes, 2008 [28] | 101 ± 52 mg/dL | Serum total cholesterol ≤ 96 mg/dL was associated with higher 28-day mortality (HR: 10.94, 95% CI: 1.89–63.29, p = 0.008) |
| Xie, 2011 [35] | 139 ± 58 mg/dL | A decrease of 3 mg/dL in serum total cholesterol was not associated with 90-day mortality (HR: 0.949, p = 0.470) |
| Body mass | ||
| Body mass index | ||
| Lin, 2009 [30] | 23.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2 | Higher body mass index was associated with lower mortality (OR: 0.903, 95% CI 0.840–0.971, p = 0.006). |
| Muscle mass | ||
| Arm circumference | ||
| Berbel, 2014 [21] | 29.9 ± 5.4 cm * | Arm circumference was not associated with in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.961; 95% CI: 0.850–1.086, p = 0.52) |
| Dietary intake | ||
| Energy intake | ||
| Bellomo, 2014 [19] | 11.0 ± 9.0 kcal/kg | Energy intake was not associated with 90-day mortality (OR: 1.079, 95% CI: 0.55–2.13, p = 0.8275), KRT free days (p = 0.2695), ICU-free days (p = 0.4714), and hospital free days (p = 0.5625). |
| Berbel, 2014 [21] | 12.1 kcal/kg * | Higher energy intake was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.950, 95% CI: 0.910–0.991, p = 0.020) |
| Bufarah, 2018 [22] | 13.5 kcal/kg * | Higher energy intake was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.946, 95% CI: 0.901–0.994; p = 0.029) |
| Protein intake | ||
| Bellomo, 2014 [20] | 0.50 ± 0.40 g/kg | Protein intake was not associated with 90-day mortality (OR: 0.998, 95% CI: 0.99–1.01, p = 0.6413), KRT-free days (p = 0.5792), MV-free days (p = 0.7564), ICU-free days (p = 0.6801), and hospital-free days (p = 0.5991) |
| Bufarah, 2018 [22] | 0.64 g/kg * | Higher protein intake was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR: 0.947; 95% CI: 0.988–0.992; p = 0.028) |
| de Goes, 2018 [24] | 31.5 g * | Higher protein intake was associated with lower 28-day mortality (HR: 0.993, 95% CI: 0.987–0.999, p = 0.032) |
| Kritmetapak, 2016 [29] | 0.62 ± 0.30 g/kg | Higher protein intake (per 0.2 g/kg) was associated with greater survival at day-28 (OR: 4.62; 95% CI: 1.48–14.47; p = 0.009) |
CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; HR, hazard ratio; KRT, kidney replacement therapy; MV, mechanical ventilation; OR, odds ratio; RR, risk ratio. * Means were estimated based on the median and interquartile ranged reported as by Wan et al. [36].