Genomic islands identified in KE21 isolate. This Figure depicts two genomic islands (GIs) through the H. pylori KE21, with substantially lower GC content (average ~ 35.6%) compared to the remaining genome (average ~ 39.1%). (a) The Transposon Plasticity Zone (TnPZ), delimited by genes of putative FtsZ and 5S-23S rRNAs, and encoding a cluster of vir homolog genes for an integrated conjugative element of H. pylori type 4 secretion system of type 4 (ICEHptfs4). (b) The dg-region, delimited by genes encoding the 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase (dapB) and the glutamate racemase (glr) and described, and encoding a cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) region.