Table 3.
Accuracy comparison of each food item in the voice-only reporting and voice-button reporting groups.
| Food item and error type | Total (N=57), n (%) | Voice-only reporting group (n=30), n (%) | Voice-button reporting group (n=27), n (%) | ||
| Staple food |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Boiled rice porridge |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1a | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2b | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3c | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#4d | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#5e | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6f | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#7g | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#8h | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
Steamed white rice |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 3 (5%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 6 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (22%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
Stir-fried noodle |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
| Main course |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Grilled pork sausage |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 3 (5%) | 1 (3%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
Stir-fried chicken egg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 3 (5%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
Deep-fried chicken leg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 3 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
Pan-fried mackerel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 10 (18%) | 6 (20%) | 4 (15%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
| Dishes with two ingredients |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Stewed wheat gluten with peanuts |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 19 (33%) | 12 (40%) | 7 (26%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 3 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 2 (4%) | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 12 (21%) | 10 (33%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 14 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 14 (52%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 6 (11%) | 2 (7%) | 4 (15%) |
|
|
Stir-fried broccoli with carrot |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 3 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
Stir-fried tofu with green bean |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 2 (4%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 7 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 7 (26%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
Stir-fried chicken egg with tomato |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 5 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (19%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
Stir-fried bitter melon with salted duck egg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 7 (12%) | 2 (7%) | 5 (19%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 3 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (11%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Dishes with three ingredients |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Stir-fried cabbage with bacon and black fungus |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 5 (9%) | 2 (7%) | 3 (11%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 4 (7%) | 2 (7%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 2 (4%) | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 5 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 5 (19%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 5 (9%) | 4 (13%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
Stir-fried dry bean curd with bell pepper and carrot |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 2 (4%) | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 3 (5%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 1 (2%) | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#6 | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4%) |
|
|
|
#7 | 2 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (7%) |
|
|
|
#8 | 3 (5%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (4%) |
| Beverage |
|
|
|
||
|
|
Soymilk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
Green tea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
Milk tea |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#2 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#3 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#4 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
|
|
|
#5 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
a#1 Missing first food name/syllable(s): After verbal reporting, the presented answer list did not include the first food name or the first syllable(s) of the food names.
b#2 Missing last food name/syllable(s): After verbal reporting, the presented answer list did not include the last food name or the last syllable(s) of the food names after voice reporting.
c#3 No desirable choices: After verbal reporting, the presented answer list did not present the desired food name or cooking method.
d#4 Missing cooking method(s): After verbal reporting, the presented answer list did not include the desired cooking method(s).
e#5 Repeated pronunciations: The presented answer list showed repeated pronunciations of food names and/or food attributes after voice reporting.
f#6 Incorrect selections in the list: Participant had trouble accurately tapping the desired choice (click interaction), leading to incorrect selection in the answer list.
g#7 Did not select the ‘mix’ button: Trouble before dish completion (click interaction). The user did not tap the “mix” button to complete dishes with two or three ingredients.
h#8 Incorrect operations: Incorrect operation procedure.