Table 1.
ω-3PUFAs target different molecular pathways acting on classical hallmarks of cancer, i.e., proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
| Mechanism of Action | Effects | References |
|---|---|---|
| Regulation of oxidative stress | Activation of apoptosis | [124] |
| Regulation of COX metabolism | Activation of apoptosis | [125,126] |
| Regulation of Hippo pathway via GPRs-Gαs-PKA cascade | Activation of apoptosis, cell proliferation inhibition | [127,128] |
| Wnt/β-catenin pathway regulation | Cell proliferation inhibition | [129,130] |
| Inhibition of Granzyme B expression | Inhibition of EMT, Inhibition of migration | [131] |
Abbreviations: COX: cyclooxygenase, GPR: G-coupled receptor, Gαs: G-protein alpha subunit, PKA: protein kinase A, EMT: epithelial mesenchymal transition.