Table 3.
Association between clinical depression and dietary fiber intake (KNHANES 2012–2015).
| Crude | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Depression | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) |
| Crude fiber (g/d) | |||
| Q1 (<3.94) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (3.94 to <5.05) | 0.52 (0.29–0.92) | 0.50 (0.28–0.88) | 0.49 (0.22–1.07) |
| Q3 (5.05 to <6.61) | 0.67 (0.37–1.22) | 0.66 (0.36–1.19) | 0.76 (0.27–2.14) |
| Q4 (≥6.61) | 0.56 (0.31–1.02) | 0.55 (0.30–1.00) | 0.54 (0.11–2.63) |
| Cereal fiber (g/d) | |||
| Q1 (<3.20) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (3.20 to <4.82) | 1.01 (0.57–1.79) | 0.99 (0.56–1.75) | 1.33 (0.66–2.67) |
| Q3 (4.82 to <6.60) | 0.74 (0.41–1.36) | 0.72 (0.39–1.34) | 0.88 (0.42–1.83) |
| Q4 (≥6.60) | 0.68 (0.37–1.26) | 0.71 (0.39–1.30) | 1.11 (0.47–2.61) |
| Vegetable fiber (g/d) | |||
| Q1 (<3.48) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (3.48 to <4.86) | 0.75 (0.42–1.33) | 0.73 (0.41–1.30) | 0.77 (0.38–1.56) |
| Q3 (4.86 to <6.45) | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | 0.68 (0.38–1.24) | 0.87 (0.39–1.92) |
| Q4 (≥6.45) | 0.63 (0.35–1.15) | 0.59 (0.32–1.09) | 0.71 (0.29–1.75) |
| Fruit fiber (g/d) | |||
| Q1 (<0.82) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (0.82 to <1.77) | 0.85 (0.46–1.56) | 0.88 (0.48–1.60) | 1.33 (0.69–2.56) |
| Q3 (1.77 to <3.37) | 0.63 (0.34–1.16) | 0.64 (0.35–1.18) | 0.97 (0.47–2.01) |
| Q4 (≥3.37) | 0.75 (0.41–1.36) | 0.77 (0.42–1.39) | 1.29 (0.57–2.90) |
| Seaweed fiber (g/d) | |||
| Q1 (<0.30) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (0.30 to <0.60) | 0.65 (0.36–1.17) | 0.64 (0.35–1.17) | 0.74 (0.34–1.41) |
| Q3 (0.60 to <1.05) | 0.56 (0.31–1.00) | 0.58 (0.32–1.05) | 0.76 (0.39–1.48) |
| Q4 (≥1.05) | 0.39 (0.21–0.73) * | 0.38 (0.21–0.71) * | 0.45 (0.23–0.88) * |
| Mushroom fiber (g/d) | |||
| Q1 (<0.02) | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Q2 (0.02 to <0.05) | 0.64 (0.35–1.15) | 0.67 (0.37–1.22) | 0.89 (0.45–1.74) |
| Q3 (0.05 to <0.10) | 0.56 (0.31–0.99) | 0.60 (0.34–1.09) | 0.89 (0.47–1.73) |
| Q4 (≥0.10) | 0.62 (0.34–1.13) | 0.66 (0.36–1.22) | 0.87 (0.44–1.72) |
KNHANES, Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. * p < 0.05. Model 1: adjusted for age and sex; Model 2: adjusted for variables in model 1 plus economic status, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, subjective health status, BMI, and total energy intake.