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. 2020 Sep 22;12(9):2892. doi: 10.3390/nu12092892

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Synthetic and algae-derived DGLA modulate inflammation signals in RAW264.7 macrophages. Cells were treated as indicated in the legend of Figure 3. After 24 h, cell viability (A), PGE1, PGE2, and PGD2 (B–D), NO (E), and IL-6 (F) were quantified in culture supernatants. DGLA and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in polar lipids (% of fatty acids) are presented in (G). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *^/# denote a significant difference compared to control (DMSO-treated) or LPS-induced cells, respectively, p < 0.05, n = 4. DGLA was administrated at 100 µM in three forms: Free acid (F100), Ethyl esters (E100) and microalgae-derived ethyl esters (ST100), respectively.