Table 2. Characteristics of Mothers With Asymptomatic/Mild vs Severe/Critical COVID-19.
| Variable | Mothers by severity of COVID-19 | Difference (95% CI) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n = 100) | Mild/asymptomatic (n = 90) | Severe/critical (n = 10) | |||
| SARS-CoV-2 clinical characteristics | |||||
| Gestational age at diagnosis, median (IQR), wk | 39.0 (37.4 to 40.0) | 39.0 (37.4 to 39.9) | 38.0 (37.1 to 38.1) | 1.4 (−3.6 × 10−5 to 2.4) | .053 |
| Indication for testing, No. (%) | |||||
| COVID-19 symptoms | 22 (22.0) | 15 (16.7) | 7 (70.0) | 0.09 (0.01 to 0.4) | <.001 |
| Universal testing | 78 (78.0) | 75 (83.3) | 3 (30.0) | 0.09 (0.01 to 0.4) | <.001 |
| Asymptomatica | 67 (85.9) | 66 (88.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0.07 (0.001 to 1.5) | .051 |
| Atypical presentationb | 14 (14.0) | 13 (14.4) | 1 (10.0) | NA | .35 |
| Diagnosis to delivery interval, d | |||||
| COVID-19 symptoms, median (IQR) | 7.0 (0.0 to 15.0) | 14.0 (2.5 to 16.0) | 0 (0 to 5.3) | 8.0 (−1.8 × 10−5 to 19.0) | .10 |
| Universal testing, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | 1.0 (0.0 to 1.0) | 1.0 (1.0 to 1.0) | NA | .32 |
| Demographics, median (IQR) | |||||
| Maternal age, y | 28.5 (24.0 to 34.0) | 28.0 (24.0 to 33.0) | 34.0 (30.8 to 35.0) | 5.0 (1.5 × 10−6 to 10.0) | .04 |
| Gravidity | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.3) | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.0) | 3.0 (2.0 to 4.8) | 1.0 (−6.8 × 10−6 to 2.0) | .07 |
| Parity | 1.0 (0.0 to 2.0) | 1.0 (0 to 2.0) | 1.0 (0.3 to 2.0) | NA | .35 |
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | |||||
| Hispanic or Latinx | 63 (63.0) | 56 (62.2) | 7 (70.0) | NA | .74 |
| Not Hispanic or Latinx | 18 (18.0) | 16 (17.8) | 2 (20.0) | NA | .61 |
| Unknown, not reported, or undefined | 19 (19.0) | 18 (20.0) | 1 (10.0) | NA | .68 |
| Race, No. (%) | |||||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA |
| Asian | 2 (2.0) | 2 (2.2) | 0 | NA | >.99 |
| Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 | NA | >.99 |
| Black or African American | 13 (13.0) | 13 (14.4) | 0 | NA | .59 |
| White | 31 (31.0) | 28 (31.1) | 3 (30.0) | NA | >.99 |
| Other combinations not described | 9 (9.0) | 8 (8.9) | 1 (10.0) | NA | .58 |
| Unknown, not reported, or undefined | 47 (47.0) | 41 (45.6) | 6 (60.0) | NA | .34 |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 30.4 (28.1 to 34.5) | 30.4 (28.1 to 34.1) | 29.8 (28.7 to 35.3) | NA | .87 |
| Comorbid conditions, No. (%) | |||||
| Asthma | 11 (11.0) | 9 (10.0) | 2 (20.0) | NA | .30 |
| Pregestational diabetes | 3 (3.0) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (20.0) | 20.7 (1.0 to 1312.0) | .03 |
| Gestational diabetes | 9 (9.0) | 7 (7.8) | 2 (20.0) | NA | .22 |
| Chronic hypertension | 2 (2.0) | 2 (2.2) | 0 | NA | >.99 |
| Gestational hypertension | 6 (6.0) | 6 (6.7) | 0 | NA | >.99 |
| Preeclampsia | 5 (5.0) | 3 (3.3) | 2 (20.0) | 7.0 (0.5 to 71.1) | .08 |
| Obesity | 54 (54.0) | 50 (55.6) | 4 (40.0) | NA | .73 |
| Antenatal and obstetric clinical data | |||||
| Gestational age at delivery, median (IQR), wk | 39.0 (37.9 to 40.1) | 39.1 (38.3 to 40.2) | 37.9 (37.1 to 38.4) | 1.4 (0.3 to 2.3) | .02 |
| IUGR, No. (%) | 3 (3.0) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (10.0) | NA | .27 |
| Oligohydramnios, No. (%) | 5 (5.0) | 5 (5.6) | 0 | NA | >.99 |
| Prenatally diagnosed fetal anomalies, No. (%) | 11 (11.0) | 9 (10.0) | 2 (20.0) | NA | .30 |
| Preterm premature rupture of membranes, No. (%) | 5 (5.0) | 5 (5.6) | 0 | NA | >.99 |
| Preterm labor, No. (%) | 3 (3.0) | 3 (3.3) | 0 | NA | >.99 |
| Preterm delivery, No. (%) | 11 (11.0) | 10 (11.1) | 1 (10.0) | NA | >.99 |
| Chorioamnionitis, No. (%) | 9 (9.0) | 7 (7.8) | 2 (20.0) | NA | .22 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by square of height in meters); COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IQR, interquartile range; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; NA, not applicable; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
a
Includes the 78 women who underwent universal testing.
b
Includes patients whose initial and sole symptom was an intrapartum or postpartum fever. These women were asymptomatic before and on admission to labor and delivery.