Table 3.
Proposal of dental hygiene diagnosis categories in cancer treatment in an acute care hospital.
| Human Needs (HN) Conceptual Model | Diagnosis | Defining Characteristics | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| HN1: Wholesome facial image | Disturbed body image | The condition in which there is confusion in regard to the mental picture of one’s physical self. | [28] |
| HN2: Protection from health risks | Risk for infection | The condition in which there is an increased risk of being invaded by pathogenic organisms. | [20,29,30,31] |
| Delayed surgical recovery | The condition of vulnerability to an extension of the number of postoperative days required to initiate and perform activities that maintain life, health, and well-being, which may compromise health. | [32,33] | |
| Risk for aspiration | The condition of being at risk for entry of gastrointestinal secretions, oropharyngeal secretions, solids, or fluids into tracheobronchial passages. | [30,34] | |
| Ineffective self-oral health management | The condition in which patients cannot express the desire to manage oral health for treatment and prevention of complications. | - | |
| Ineffective family self-oral health management | The condition in which families cannot achieve the goal of oral health or are at risk. | - | |
| Risk for ventilator associated pneumonia | The condition of being at risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia by aspiration. | [35] | |
| Swallowing disorder *CP | The condition in which there has been a diagnosis of swallowing disorder. The condition in which a patient complains about deglutition. |
[36] | |
| Feeding self-care deficit | The condition in which the ability to perform or complete feeding activities is impaired. | [37] | |
| Risk for oral bleeding | The condition in which there is postoperative oral bleeding or oral bleeding due to low platelet count during chemotherapy. | [38] | |
| Impaired physical mobility *CP | The condition in which there is a diagnosis of impaired physical mobility. The condition in which there is a limit to intentional body movements and limb movements that can be executed by patients themselves. |
[39] | |
| Risk for ineffective respiratory function | The condition in which air passage through the respiratory tract is threatened. | [40] | |
| Ineffective airway clearance | The condition of inability to remove secretions or obstructions from the respiratory tract. | [40] | |
| Readiness for enhanced nutrition | The condition in which nutrition intake is sufficient for metabolism and further strengthening is possible. | - | |
| Impaired communication | The condition of inability to exchange ideas and requests with others. | - | |
| Impaired verbal communication | The condition in which any or all of the ability to receive, process, and convey words or letter sounds is diminished. | - | |
| HN3: Biologically sound and functional dentition | Periodontal disease *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of periodontal disease has been made by a dentist. | [41] |
| Caries *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of caries has been made by a dentist. | [42] | |
| Malocclusion *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of malocclusion has been made by a dentist. | [43] | |
| Malalignment *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of malalignment has been made by a dentist. | [44] | |
| Missing teeth *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of missing teeth has been made by a dentist. | [45] | |
| Crown fracture *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of crown fracture has been made by a dentist. | [42] | |
| Ill-fitting prosthesis *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of ill-fitting prosthesis has been made by a dentist. | [42] | |
| Peri-implantitis *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of peri-implantitis has been made by a dentist. | [46] | |
| Ill-fitting denture *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of ill-fitting denture has been made by a dentist. | [47] | |
| Masticatory disturbance *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of masticatory disturbance has been made by a dentist. | [30] | |
| HN4: Skin and mucous membrane integrity of the head and neck | Oral mucositis *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of oral mucositis has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | [12] |
| Surgical site infection *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of surgical site infection has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | [32,33] | |
| Osteonecrosis of the jaws *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the jaws has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | [48] | |
| Dry mouth | The condition in which the salivary glands in the mouth do not make enough saliva to keep the mouth wet. | [49] | |
| Abnormal tongue shape and color | The condition in which the tongue turns red, yellow, purple, or another color and changes shape. | - | |
| Stomatitis *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of stomatitis has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | [12] | |
| Bite wound *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of bite wound has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | - | |
| Oral burn *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of oral burn has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | [50] | |
| Oral trauma *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of oral trauma has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | [51] | |
| Radiodermatitis *CP | The condition in which diagnosis of radiodermatitis has been made by a dentist or medical doctor. | [52] | |
| HN5: Freedom from head and neck pain | Acute pain | The condition in which a patient complains about acute pain. | - |
| Chronic pain | The condition in which a patient complains about chronic pain. | - | |
| HN6: Freedom from anxiety and stress | Nausea and vomiting | The condition in which a patient complains about stomach discomfort and the sensation of wanting to vomit or vomiting. | [53] |
| Powerlessness | The condition of lacking self-control, which is caused by stress in patients with cancer. | [54] | |
| Death anxiety | The condition in which one experiences a feeling of dread, apprehension, or solicitude (i.e., anxiety) when one thinks of the process of dying or ceasing. | [54] | |
| Anxiety | The condition in which a patient experiences a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome. | [54] | |
| Fear | The condition in which a patient experiences a feeling of unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain, or harm. | [54] | |
| Ineffective coping | The condition in which a patient is unable to realistically assess stressors and use available resources to cope with stress. | [55] | |
| Readiness for enhanced coping | The condition in which there are cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage demands that are sufficient for well-being and that can be strengthened. | [55] | |
| Disabled family coping | The condition in which caregiver’s experience stress when patients cannot cope with the symptoms they are experiencing. | [56] | |
| HN7: Responsibility for oral health | Low oral-health-related self-efficacy | The condition in which the patients cannot execute courses of oral health action required to deal with prospective situations. | [26] |
| Low oral literacy | The condition in which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic oral health information and services needed to make appropriate oral health decisions. | [57] | |
| Deficient knowledge | The condition in which individuals have a lack of cognitive information or psychomotor ability needed for health restoration, preservation, or health promotion. | [58] | |
| Readiness for enhanced knowledge | The condition in which the presence or acquisition of cognitive information related to the oral health topic is sufficient for meeting health-related goals and can be strengthened. | [58] | |
| Readiness for enhanced oral self-care | The condition in which a patient is able to regulate and integrate a therapeutic regimen into their daily living for the treatment of illness and its sequelae in a way that is sufficient for meeting health-related goals and that can be strengthened. | [58] | |
| HN8: Conceptualization and understanding | Decisional conflict | The condition in which there is uncertainty about which course of action to take when the choice among competing actions involves risk, loss, or a challenge to one’s values and beliefs. | [59] |
| Disturbed self-concept | The condition in which there is a negative state of change about the way a person feels, thinks, or views him or herself. | [60] | |
| Spiritual distress | The condition in which the ability to experience and integrate meaning and purpose in life through connectedness with self, others, art, music, literature, nature, and/or a power greater than oneself is impaired. | [58] |
*CP: This problem presents medical and dental conditions or clinical situations with associated dental hygiene diagnoses and collaborative problems.