Figure 5.

Comparative analysis of ECE and PPB administration on the regulation of blood pressure in HFD-fed mice. (A–C) Systolic, diastolic, and mean artery pressures were measured prior to sacrifice. (D) Light microscopic images showing H&E stained blood vessels and (E) Intima-media thickness acquired using representative H&E images. Arrows indicate media thickness. Scale bar = 50 μm. (F) Summary illustration image showing inhibitory effects of ECE and PPB on vascular smooth muscle cell calcification in HFD condition. Means denoted by a different letter indicate significant differences between groups. AGE, advanced glycation end products; BMP2, bone morphogenetic protein 2; CBFα1, core-binding factor alpha 1; ECE, Ecklonia cava extract; HFD, high-fat diet; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin stain; NFD, normal fat diet; PPB, pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; RAGE, receptor for advanced glycation end products; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; TLR4, toll like receptor 4.