Table 2.

Food supplements with a primary impact on appetite regulation.

Food Supplement	Dosage	Mechanisms of Action	Quality of Evidence	Side Effects	Recommendation
Caralluma	1 g/day	fatty acid synthesis inhibition and enhanced fatty acid oxidation *; ghrelin/neuropeptide Y expression inhibition *#	low	None	B
Spirulina	1–4.5 g/day	decreased appetite *#; adipogenesis inhibition *; browning induction *	low	None	B
Whey protein	∼100–600 g/week	increased satiety hormones; decreased appetite; enhanced fat mass oxidation; enhanced lean mass preservation *#	moderate	None	A
Coffee, caffeine and chlorogenic acids	60 mg–1000 g/day	hunger suppression; energy expenditure stimulation; increased fat oxidation and brown adipose tissue activation *#	moderate	None	A
Bitter orange	10–400 mg/day	suppressed appetite *#; energy expenditure and lipolysis increase *#	low	None	B
Guarana	240–285 mg/day	decreased appetite #; increased energy expenditure and fat oxidation *#; adipogenesis inhibition *; browning induction *	low	Gastrointestinal discomfort; insomnia, migraine, tachycardia	B

* denotes preclinical evidence, # denotes clinical evidence, A is for possibly recommended, B is for undetermined recommendation.