Table 4.
Food supplements with a primary impact on fat metabolism.
| Food Supplement | Dosage | Mechanisms of Action | Quality of Evidence | Side Effects | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyruvate | 5–44 g/day | reduced insulin level and increased acetylCoA concentrations *# | low | None | B |
| Dyacilglycerol | 1.1–1.2 g/day | enhanced fat oxidation *#; reduced postprandial triglycerides *# | moderate | None | A |
| Licorice | 300–900 mg/day | reduced serum lipids *#; improved hepatic steatosis through beta-oxidation induction *# | low | Increased blood pressure, hypernatremia | C |
| Garcinia Gambogia | 400–2400 mg/day | decreased lipogenesis and increased lipolysis * | low | Hepatotoxicity, diarrhea | C |
| Resveratrol | 75–2000 mg/day | decreased adipogenesis; increased lipolysis;reduced lipogenesis *# | low | None | A |
| Conjugated linoleic acid | 1.5–6.8 g/day | decreased adipocytes size; inhibited adipogenesis; reducted lipogenesis; induced browining *; gut microbiota modification *#; | low | Occasional gastrointestinal discomfort | A |
| Aloe vera | 588–700 mg/day | Improved glucose and lipid metabolism *#; reduced oxidative stress * ; inhibited lipogenesis * | low | None | B |
| Flaxseed | 20–50 g/day | increased saxiety *# and lipolysis *; inhibited lipogenesis * | low | None | A |
| Grapefruit | 81–142 mg/day | improved glycemic control, enhanced insulin secretion and inhibited gluconeogenesis *#; increased fat oxidation and reduced lipogenesis * | low | Possible alteration of several drugs metabolism | B |
* denotes preclinical evidence, # denotes clinical evidence, A is for possibly recommended, B is for undetermined recommendation, C is for not recommended.