Table 5.
Food supplements with a primary impact on carbohydrate metabolism.
| Food Supplement | Dosage | Mechanisms of Action | Quality of Evidence | Side Effects | Recommendation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mangosteen | 200–400 mg/day | inhibition of pancreatic lipase and fatty acid synthase *; improved glucose metabolism *# | Low | None | B |
| Chromium | 157–1000 μg/day | Energy expenditure increase *#; appetite suppression *#; improved glucose metabolism *# | Moderate | Diarrhea, vertigo, headache, urticaria | B |
| Lipoic Acid | 300–2400 mg/day | improved glucose metabolism *#; appetite suppression *#; increase of lipolysis and reduction of lipogenesis * | Low | Gastrointestinal disconfort, urticaria, hypoglycemia | B |
* denotes preclinical evidence, # denotes clinical evidence, B is for undetermined recommendation, C is for not recommended.