Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants categorized into high and low groups by mother’s nutrition knowledge level.
| High (n = 146) | Low (n = 141) | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mother’s nutrition knowledge score, Mean SD | 94.4 | 10.6 | 59.4 | 17.3 | <0.001 |
| Children | |||||
| Gender, n, % | 0.041 | ||||
| Boys | 57 | 39.0 | 72 | 51.1 | |
| Girls | 89 | 61.0 | 69 | 48.9 | |
| Age (years), Mean, SD | 13.2 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 1.0 | 0.159 |
| Body height (cm), Mean, SD | 156.1 | 8.3 | 156.6 | 8.7 | 0.661 |
| Body weight (kg), Mean, SD | 45.1 | 7.8 | 45.7 | 8.8 | 0.508 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), Mean, SD | 18.4 | 2.3 | 18.5 | 2.4 | 0.669 |
| Body mass index, n, % | 0.108 | ||||
| Thinness | 24 | 16.4 | 19 | 13.5 | |
| Normal | 119 | 81.5 | 112 | 79.4 | |
| Obesity | 3 | 2.1 | 10 | 7.1 | |
| Energy intake (kcal/day), Mean, SD | 2377 | 685 | 2432 | 704 | 0.499 |
| Number of days exercising, n, % | 0.880 | ||||
| Everyday | 84 | 57.5 | 77 | 54.6 | |
| 4–6 days/week | 30 | 20.5 | 33 | 23.4 | |
| 2–3 days/week | 9 | 6.2 | 12 | 8.5 | |
| 1 day/week | 8 | 5.5 | 7 | 5.0 | |
| Never | 15 | 10.3 | 12 | 8.5 | |
| Mother | |||||
| Age (years), n, % | 0.434 | ||||
| Less than 40 years | 7 | 4.8 | 12 | 8.5 | |
| 40–49 years | 118 | 80.8 | 108 | 76.6 | |
| 50 years or over | 21 | 14.4 | 21 | 14.9 | |
| Education level, n, % | 0.022 | ||||
| University or higher | 59 | 40.4 | 52 | 36.9 | |
| Junior college or vocational technical school | 76 | 52.1 | 63 | 44.7 | |
| High school or junior high school | 11 | 7.5 | 26 | 18.4 | |
| Annual household income, n, % | 0.222 | ||||
| Less than 2,000,000 yen | 8 | 5.5 | 6 | 4.3 | |
| 2,000,000 yen to 6,000,000 yen | 16 | 11.0 | 22 | 15.6 | |
| 6,000,000 yen to 10,000,000 yen | 61 | 41.8 | 69 | 48.9 | |
| 10,000,000 yen or more | 61 | 41.8 | 44 | 31.2 | |
| Working status, n, % | 0.936 | ||||
| Full-time | 19 | 13.0 | 21 | 14.9 | |
| Part-time | 74 | 50.7 | 73 | 51.8 | |
| Housewife | 48 | 32.9 | 42 | 29.8 | |
| Others | 5 | 3.4 | 5 | 3.5 | |
| Marriage status, n, % | 0.955 | ||||
| Yes | 141 | 96.6 | 136 | 96.5 | |
| No | 5 | 3.4 | 5 | 3.5 | |
| Number of children, n, % | 0.756 | ||||
| 1 | 29 | 19.9 | 33 | 23.4 | |
| 2 | 91 | 62.3 | 83 | 58.9 | |
| 3 or more | 26 | 17.8 | 25 | 17.7 | |
| Frequency of dinner cooking per week, Mean, SD | 6.7 | 0.7 | 6.6 | 0.9 | 0.088 |
SD, standard deviation; The p values are shown for chi-square test for categorical variables and for independent t test for continuous variables between high and low groups among boys or girls or their mothers.