Table 3.
Habitual daily food group intakes among 287 junior high school students categorized into high and low groups by mother’s nutrition knowledge level (g/1000 kcal).
| High (n = 146) | Low (n = 141) | p ‡ | p § | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Cereals | 222.4 | 67.8 | 220.2 | 70.2 | 0.316 | 0.237 |
| Rice | 180.3 | 72.2 | 173.3 | 73.5 | 0.119 | 0.077 |
| Bread | 17.3 | 12.1 | 20.7 | 14.6 | 0.017 | 0.009 |
| Noodles | 24.8 | 14.9 | 26.2 | 16.6 | 0.489 | 0.513 |
| Pulses | 27.9 | 19.5 | 26.7 | 17.1 | 0.727 | 0.896 |
| Potatoes | 14.9 | 10.5 | 13.8 | 9.4 | 0.510 | 0.666 |
| Sugar | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.701 | 0.626 |
| Confectioneries | 43.6 | 25.1 | 40.9 | 25.3 | 0.525 | 0.573 |
| Fat and oil | 7.3 | 3.5 | 7.0 | 3.0 | 0.671 | 0.666 |
| Fat | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.747 | 0.851 |
| Oil | 6.7 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 2.8 | 0.718 | 0.684 |
| Fruits | 31.1 | 27.6 | 34.3 | 32.6 | 0.275 | 0.166 |
| Total vegetables | 113.4 | 60.5 | 101.4 | 55.3 | 0.184 | 0.275 |
| Green and yellow vegetables | 43.1 | 27.4 | 39.2 | 24.2 | 0.406 | 0.542 |
| Other vegetables | 56.4 | 33.2 | 50.0 | 29.0 | 0.198 | 0.301 |
| Pickled vegetables | 4.7 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 0.239 | 0.255 |
| Mushrooms | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.371 | 0.368 |
| Seaweeds | 5.2 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 0.284 | 0.315 |
| Beverages | 294.1 | 169.6 | 287.8 | 169.3 | 0.999 | 0.965 |
| Fruit and vegetable juice | 30.3 | 46.8 | 27.2 | 47.3 | 0.539 | 0.595 |
| Green tea | 185.0 | 133.8 | 167.8 | 124.4 | 0.488 | 0.511 |
| Black tea | 31.7 | 66.8 | 26.6 | 60.6 | 0.726 | 0.647 |
| Soft drinks | 47.2 | 66.6 | 66.2 | 81.0 | 0.058 | 0.075 |
| Fish and shellfish | 29.8 | 17.5 | 26.9 | 16.3 | 0.257 | 0.262 |
| Meat | 37.4 | 18.7 | 36.2 | 16.8 | 0.798 | 0.823 |
| Eggs | 16.1 | 10.0 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 0.960 | 0.940 |
| Dairy products | 142.7 | 97.0 | 155.8 | 104.4 | 0.268 | 0.275 |
SD, standard deviation; Adjustment of reporting error was performed according to the following: Food group intake = reported food group intake/reported energy intake × 1000(kcal); ‡ The p values are shown for covariate analysis to analyze difference of nutrient intakes between high and low groups adjusted for confounding variables of gender and mother’s education level (university or high, Junior college or vocational technical school and High school, or junior high school); § The p values are shown for covariate analysis to analyze difference of nutrient intakes between high and low groups adjusted for confounding variables of gender, mother’s education level (university or high, Junior college or vocational technical school and High school, or junior high school), mother’s age (less than 40 years, 40–49 years, or 50 years or over), household income (less than 2,000,000 yen, 2,000,000–6,000,000 yen, 6,000,000–10,000,000 yen, or 10,000,000 yen or more), mother’s working status (full-time, part-time, housewife, or others), frequency of mother’s dinner cooking and the number of children in home (one, two, or three or more).