Table 1.
Characteristics of participants (n = 85,305) according to tertile of energy-adjusted acrylamide intake at five-year-study survey.
| Characteristics | Tertile of Energy-Adjusted Acrylamide Intake | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | p-Value c | ||||||||||||
| Number of Participants | 28,435 | 28,435 | 28,435 | ||||||||||||
| Men, % | 57.7 | 44.6 | 38.4 | ||||||||||||
| Dietary variables | |||||||||||||||
| Acrylamide intake | |||||||||||||||
| Range, μg/d | 0.04 | − | 4.81 | 4.82 | − | 7.63 | 7.64 | − | 67.11 | ||||||
| Mean and SD, a μg /d | 3.4 | ± | 1.0 | 6.1 | ± | 0.8 | 11.1 | ± | 3.5 | <0.001 | |||||
| Mean and SD, a μg·kg body weight−1·d−1 | 0.06 | ± | 0.05 | 0.11 | ± | 0.09 | 0.21 | ± | 0.23 | <0.001 | |||||
| Coffee, a g/d | 42.0 | ± | 57.8 | 107.1 | ± | 105.4 | 276.5 | ± | 283.8 | <0.001 | |||||
| Green tea, a g/d | 313.9 | ± | 337.9 | 510.7 | ± | 423.1 | 764.4 | ± | 680.8 | <0.001 | |||||
| Alcohol intake, a g/d | 155.1 | ± | 241.7 | 92.2 | ± | 179.2 | 58.5 | ± | 134.2 | <0.001 | |||||
| Biscuits, a g/d | 0.8 | ± | 1.2 | 2.0 | ± | 2.5 | 5.0 | ± | 7.9 | <0.001 | |||||
| Potato, a g/d | 10.2 | ± | 9.6 | 17.8 | ± | 14.8 | 21.5 | ± | 24.0 | <0.001 | |||||
| Vegetables, a g/d | 180.4 | ± | 119.8 | 220.9 | ± | 128.4 | 231.1 | ± | 143.3 | <0.001 | |||||
| Fruit, a g/d | 178.9 | ± | 161.4 | 219.8 | ± | 163.0 | 221.1 | ± | 168.5 | <0.001 | |||||
| Meat, a g/d | 58.1 | ± | 43.5 | 57.1 | ± | 36.6 | 56.2 | ± | 35.6 | <0.001 | |||||
| Fish, a g/d | 85.9 | ± | 56.1 | 88.4 | ± | 48.9 | 83.7 | ± | 47.9 | <0.001 | |||||
| Total energy intake, a kcal/d | 1997.1 | ± | 641.5 | 2019.3 | ± | 610.4 | 1971.3 | ± | 610.1 | <0.001 | |||||
| Nondietary variables | |||||||||||||||
| Age at 5-year follow-up study, a y | 57.8 | ± | 7.6 | 57.1 | ± | 7.9 | 55.9 | ± | 8.0 | <0.001 | |||||
| Body mass index, a b kg/m2 | 23.7 | ± | 3.1 | 23.6 | ± | 3.0 | 23.4 | ± | 3.0 | <0.001 | |||||
| Smoking status, % | |||||||||||||||
| Never | 57.9 | 64.8 | 64.2 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| Former | 10.6 | 8.3 | 6.8 | ||||||||||||
| Current | 25.1 | 21.1 | 23.3 | ||||||||||||
| Missing | 6.4 | 5.8 | 5.7 | ||||||||||||
| Number of cigarettes/d, a b only for current | 20.5 | ± | 14.3 | 21.2 | ± | 11.9 | 22.7 | ± | 11.4 | <0.001 | |||||
| Physical activity (METs) a | 33.2 | ± | 6.4 | 33.2 | ± | 6.2 | 33.1 | ± | 6.1 | <0.001 | |||||
| Diabetes, % yes | 8.3 | 6.6 | 5.4 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
| Hepatitis, % yes | 2.4 | 2.1 | 1.7 | <0.001 | |||||||||||
a Mean ± s.d. b Number of participants missing the following: body mass index: 2163; number of cigarettes per day for current smokers: 378; physical activity: 15,446. c Kruskal−Wallis test for continuous variables and Chi-square test for categorical variables.