Table 4.

Prospective analysis of associations of baseline intakes of major nutrients in food sources in the alternate Mediterranean (aMed) diet with parameters of sleep quality at 1-y follow-up ^a.

Predictor	Outcome	β (SE) b	p-Value	β (SE) c	p-Value
Monounsaturated fat (MUFA) to saturated fat (SFA) ratio	PSQI total score	−0.84 (0.41)	<0.05	−0.38 (0.33)	0.25
	Sleep onset latency	−2.26 (2.69)	0.40	−1.10 (2.45)	0.65
	Sleep efficiency	3.11 (1.43)	0.03	2.40 (1.36)	0.08
	Sleep disturbances	−0.95 (0.50)	0.06	−0.56 (0.40)	0.17
Unsaturated fat	PSQI total score	−0.07 (0.03)	0.02	−0.02 (0.02)	0.35
	Sleep onset latency	−0.48 (0.19)	0.01	−0.43 (0.17)	0.01
	Sleep efficiency	0.13 (0.10)	0.22	0.09 (0.10)	0.38
	Sleep disturbances	−0.05 (0.04)	0.19	−0.01 (0.03)	0.75
Saturated fat	PSQI total score	−0.004 (0.05)	0.93	0.04 (0.04)	0.35
	Sleep onset latency	−0.47 (0.33)	0.16	−0.46 (0.30)	0.14
	Sleep efficiency	−0.09 (0.18)	0.63	−0.07(0.17)	0.70
	Sleep disturbances	0.06 (0.06)	0.33	0.10 (0.05)	0.05
Plant protein	PSQI total score	−0.14 (0.09)	0.14	−0.20 (0.07)	<0.01
	Sleep onset latency	−0.06 (0.59)	0.92	−0.15 (0.54)	0.78
	Sleep efficiency	0.99 (0.31)	<0.01	0.93 (0.30)	<0.01
	Sleep disturbances	−0.13 (0.11)	0.26	−0.18 (0.09)	<0.05
Animal protein	PSQI total score	−0.02 (0.04)	0.66	−0.003 (0.03)	0.92
	Sleep onset latency	−0.16 (0.26)	0.54	−0.09 (0.24)	0.71
	Sleep efficiency	0.02 (0.14)	0.87	−0.01 (0.13)	0.92
	Sleep disturbances	−0.05 (0.05)	0.28	−0.03 (0.04)	0.47
Fiber	PSQI total score	−0.06 (0.04)	0.08	−0.09 (0.03)	<0.01
	Sleep onset latency	−0.20 (0.22)	0.38	−0.18 (0.20)	0.39
	Sleep efficiency	0.33 (0.12)	<0.01	0.34 (0.11)	<0.01
	Sleep disturbances	−0.07 (0.04)	0.09	−0.09 (0.03)	<0.01
Alcohol	PSQI total score	0.05 (0.03)	0.06	0.04 (0.02)	0.05
	Sleep onset latency	0.25 (0.18)	0.17	0.33 (0.17)	<0.05
	Sleep efficiency	−0.16 (0.10)	0.11	−0.15 (0.09)	0.10
	Sleep disturbances	0.05 (0.03)	0.12	0.03 (0.03)	0.37

^a Results of linear models represent the change in total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score (points), sleep onset latency (m), sleep efficiency (%), or sleep disturbances per 1 point increase in MUFA to SFA ration, 1% increase in kcal from unsaturated and saturated fat, or 1 g increase in animal protein, plant protein, and fiber intakes (per 1000 kcal). ^b Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), race/ethnicity, education, and health insurance status. ^c Multivariable linear regression models adjusted for corresponding sleep variable at baseline, age, BMI, race/ethnicity, education, and health insurance status. SE: Standard Error.