Table 4.
Difference in mean systolic BP (mmHg) for 100 mmol or 2300 mg per 24-h increase in 24-h urine sodium.
| Methods for Complete 24-h Urine Assessment | Model 1 β (95% CI) |
Model 2 β (95% CI) |
Model 3 β (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic blood pressure | |||
| No self-reported missed voids (n = 7176) | 0.57 (0.28, 0.86) | 0.64 (0.34, 0.94) | 0.64 (0.34, 0.94) |
| 22–26 h urine samples with no missed voids (n = 5524) | 0.54 (0.21, 0.87) | 0.53 (0.19, 0.87) | 0.54 (0.21, 0.87) |
| Creatinine index ≥0.7 and no missed voids (n = 5995) | 0.67 (0.29, 1.06) | 0.68 (0.28, 1.09) | 0.68 (0.27, 1.08) |
| mCER within 15% of Kawasaki pCER and no missed voids (n = 1569) | 0.86 (−0.11, 1.84) | 0.97 (−0.08, 2.02) | 0.98 (−0.07, 2.02) |
| mCER within 25% of Kawasaki pCER and no missed voids (n = 2439) | 0.81 (0.05, 1.58) | 0.87 (0.06, 1.67) | 0.87 (0.07, 1.67) |
| mCER 15–25 mg/kg/24 h (men) and 10–20 mg/kg/24 h (women), and no missed voids (n = 2109) | 2.25 (1.10, 3.39) | 1.94 (0.90, 2.98) | 1.96 (0.93, 2.99) |
| Diastolic blood pressure | |||
| No self-reported missed voids (n = 7176) | 0.06 (−0.15, 0.27) | 0.02 (−0.18, 0.23) | 0.03 (−0.18, 0.24) |
| 22–26 h urine samples with no missed voids (n = 5524) | 0.04 (−0.22, 0.30) | −0.04 (−0.30, 0.21) | −0.04 (−0.30, 0.22) |
| Creatinine index ≥0.7 and no missed voids (n = 5995) | 0.16 (−0.09, 0.40) | 0.09 (−0.16, 0.35) | 0.09 (−0.17, 0.36) |
| mCER within 15% of Kawasaki pCER and no missed voids (n = 1569) | 0.38 (−0.07, 0.83) | 0.29 (−0.1, 0.69) | 0.30 (−0.09, 0.70) |
| mCER within 25% of Kawasaki pCER and no missed voids (n = 2439) | 0.41 (−0.03, 0.84) | 0.29 (−0.12, 0.71) | 0.29 (−0.12, 0.71) |
| mCER 15–25 mg/kg/24 h (men) and 10–20 mg/kg/24 h (women), and no missed voids (n = 2109) | 1.30 (0.53, 2.08) | 0.85 (0.13, 1.56) | 0.88 (0.16, 1.59) |
mCER: measured 24-h urine creatinine excretion; pCER: predicted 24-h urine creatinine excretion. Model 1: Unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI); Model 3: additionally, adjusted for physical activities, smoking status, alcohol consumption, sleep hours, religion, and household wealth.