Table 2.
Psychological Distress and Psychological Traits of Patients with chronic migraine (CM) distinguished by Treatment Group.
| All Patients | OBT-A | Withdrawal Treatment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psychological Outcomes | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | Chi2 |
| Psychological Distress (SCL-90-R) § | ||||
| General Severity Index (GSI) | 8.0 * | |||
| T ≤ 54 | 53 (62.4) | 30 (75.0) | 23 (51.1) | |
| T 55–64 | 18 (21.2) | 8 (20.0) | 10 (22.2) | |
| T ≥ 65 | 14 (16.5) | 2 (5.0) | 12 (26.7) | |
| Positive Symptom Distress Index | 7.4 * | |||
| T < 54 | 63 (74.1) | 35 (87.5) | 28 (62.2) | |
| T 55–64 | 15 (17.7) | 4 (10.0) | 11 (24.4) | |
| T ≥ 65 | 7 (8.2) | 1 (2.5) | 6 (13.3) | |
| Positive Symptom Total | 11.4 ** | |||
| T < 54 | 36 (42.4) | 22 (55.0) | 14 (31.1) | |
| T 55–64 | 29 (34.1) | 15 (37.5) | 14 (31.1) | |
| T ≥ 65 | 20 (23.5) | 3 (7.5) | 17 (37.8) | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | t-test | |
| Perceived Self-Efficacy (GSE) °° | 2.8 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) | 2.8 (0.5) | 0.4 |
| Coping Strategies (COPE) | ||||
| Social Support (COPE-SS) ° | 30.6 (6.7) | 29.9 (6.8) | 31.1 (6.6) | −0.8 |
| Avoidance (COPE-AS) § | 25.3 (6.2) | 24.1 (5.1) | 26.5 (6.9) | −1.8 |
| Positive Attitude (COPE-PA) § | 30.8 (6.2) | 29.9 (6.2) | 31.7 (6.1) | −1.3 |
| Problem-Oriented (COPE-PO) § | 31.3 (5.7) | 30.8 (5.7) | 31.8 (5.7) | −0.8 |
| Turning to Religion (COPE-TR) ° | 22.0 (4.8) | 22.3 (5.0) | 21.8 (4.6) | 0.5 |
| Psychological Inflexibility (AAQ-II) °° | 23.3 (10.5) | 19.2 (8.9) | 26.8 (10.5) | −3.6 ** |
| Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) °° | ||||
| By Significant Others (MSPSS-O) | 6.0 (1.3) | 5.9 (1.3) | 6.2 (1.3) | −0.8 |
| By Family (MSPSS-FA) | 5.8 (1.6) | 5.7 (1.7) | 5.8 (1.5) | −0.3 |
| By F0riends (MSPSS-FR) | 4.8 (1.8) | 4.5 (2.0) | 5.1 (1.6) | −1.6 |
Legend: OBT-A, OnabotulinumtoxinA Prophylactic Treatment; N, number; %, percentage; SD, standard deviation; SCL-90-R, The Symptom Check List-90-R; GSE, The General Self-Efficacy Scale; COPE, Coping Orientation to the Problems Experienced; SS, Social Support; AS, Avoidance Strategies; PA, Positive Attitude; PO, Problem Oriented; TR, Turning to religion; AAQ-II, The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II; MSPSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; O, by Significant Other; FA, by Family; FR, by friends; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; °° 1 missing value; § 2 missing values; ° 3 missing values.