Table 3.

Changes in the affected side shoulder ROM and SPADI point before and after intervention.

Measure/Group	Baseline Test	After-Test	%	Effect Size	p
Affected side shoulder flexion ROM (°)
Mobilization group	138.40 ± 19.31	146.20 ± 20.65	5.64	2.01	0.001
Exercise group	140.60 ± 16.57	148.50 ± 16.24	5.62	1.85	0.001
Combination group	133.80 ± 16.40	146.50 ± 15.91	9.49	2.76	0.001
Affected side shoulder abduction ROM (°)
Mobilization group	104.60 ± 14.05	112.40 ± 14.88	7.46	2.28	0.001
Exercise group	106.90 ± 9.01	114.30 ± 10.31	6.92	1.77	0.001
Combination group	111.70 ± 19.32	122.30 ± 19.80	9.49	3.03	0.001
Affected side shoulder medial rotation ROM (°)
Mobilization group	48.00 ± 9.59	50.50 ± 9.34	5.21	1.28	0.003
Exercise group	51.20 ± 10.51	54.10 ± 10.66	5.66	1.27	0.003
Combination group	42.40 ± 14.36	47.60 ± 15.22	12.26	2.10	0.001
Affected side shoulder lateral rotation ROM (°)
Mobilization group	70.30 ± 7.13	72.50 ± 6.85	3.13	1.05	0.009
Exercise group	69.60 ± 7.46	72.10 ± 8.91	3.59	0.98	0.013
Combination group	62.40 ± 8.77	67.90 ± 9.65	8.81	1.70	0.001
SPADI—pain (point)
Mobilization group	51.60 ± 12.47	38.60 ± 11.35	−25.19	4.81	0.001
Exercise group	54.00 ± 12.65	40.20 ± 12.84	−25.55	5.37	0.001
Combination group	50.20 ± 10.43	31.60 ± 8.32	−37.05	4.65	0.001
SPADI—disability (point)
Mobilization group	52.13 ± 15.75	40.38 ± 13.79	−22.54	2.87	0.001
Exercise group	53.50 ± 15.75	43.13 ± 15.45	−19.38	3.60	0.001
Combination group	51.38 ± 14.54	34.63 ± 10.21	−32.60	3.00	0.001
SPADI—total (point)
Mobilization group	51.92 ± 14.47	39.69 ± 12.81	−23.55	3.59	0.001
Exercise group	53.69 ± 14.51	42.00 ± 14.35	−21.77	4.62	0.001
Combination group	50.92 ± 12.86	33.46 ± 9.39	−34.29	3.83	0.001

ROM: range of motion and SPADI: shoulder pain and disability index.