Table 3.
Associations of Sociodemographic and Health Characteristics by HIV Diagnostic Status among Tested in the NESARC-III
| Sociodemographic Characteristics | HIV-Positive (N=235) % (SE) | HIV- Not Positive (N=19,842) % (SE) | OR (95% CI)/P valuea | Adjusted ORa (95% CI)/P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1.1(0.1) | 98.9(0.1) | - | - |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 51.9(4.6) | 47.0(0.4) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Female | 48.1(4.6) | 53.0(0.4) | 0.8(0.6–1.2) | 0.5(0.2–1.6) |
| Race-ethnicity | ||||
| White | 58.5(4.5) | 61.2(0.9) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Non-White | 41.5(4.5) | 38.8(0.9) | 1.1(0.8–1.6) | 1.1(0.8–1.5) |
| Nativity | ||||
| US-born | 87.2(2.5) | 85.0(0.5) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Foreign-born | 12.8(2.5) | 15.0(0.5) | 0.8(0.5–1.3) | 0.9(0.5–1.4) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 18–29 | 15.3(3.1) | 23.1(0.4) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| 30–44 | 31.3(4.0) | 35.1(0.5) | 1.4(0.8–2.3) | 2.0(1.1–3.6) |
| 45–64 | 45.5(4.1) | 34.1(0.5) | 2.0(1.2–3.3) | 2.4(1.3–4.6) |
| ≥65 | 7.9(1.9) | 7.6(0.3) | 1.6(0.8–3.2) | 1.5(0.6–4.0) |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 20.5(3.4) | 12.2(0.4) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| High school | 24.5(3.8) | 24.1(0.6) | 0.6(0.4–1.0) | 0.7(0.4–1.1) |
| Some college or higher | 55.0(4.8) | 63.7(0.8) | 0.5(0.3–0.8) | 0.5(0.3–0.8) |
| Family income | ||||
| $0–19,999 | 32.5(4.0) | 23.7(0.5) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| ≥20,000 | 67.5(4.0) | 76.3(0.5) | 0.6(0.5–0.9) | 1.1(0.7–1.6) |
| Employment status | ||||
| Employed | 65.3(3.4) | 76.2(0.6) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Unemployed or student | 34.7(3.4) | 23.8(0.6) | 1.7(1.3–2.3) | 1.2(0.8–1.8) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/cohabiting | 43.3(4.5) | 55.4(0.7) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 26.3(3.6) | 20.4(0.4) | 1.7(1.1–2.5) | 0.9(0.5–1.6) |
| Never married | 30.4(3.4) | 24.3(0.6) | 1.6(1.1–2.3) | 0.8(0.5–1.4) |
| Urbanicity | ||||
| Urban | 85.7(4.5) | 81.2(1.3) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Rural | 14.3(4.5) | 18.8(1.3) | 0.7(0.4–1.5) | 0.8(0.4–1.6) |
| Region | ||||
| Northeast | 18.3(3.8) | 19.1(0.6) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Midwest | 18.3(4.6) | 19.1(0.5) | 1.0(0.5–2.1) | 1.0(0.5–2.1) |
| South | 41.9(4.9) | 39.2(1.1) | 1.1(0.7–1.9) | 1.1(0.6–1.9) |
| West | 21.6(4.0) | 22.6(1.0) | 1.0(0.5–1.8) | 1.0(0.5–1.8) |
| Health insurance | ||||
| Health insurance | 81.2(3.4) | 80.7(0.5) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| No health insurance | 18.8(3.4) | 19.3(0.5) | 1.0(0.6–1.5) | 0.9(0.6–1.4) |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| Heterosexual1 | 74.5(4.1) | 95.5(0.2) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Non-heterosexual | 25.5(4.1) | 4.5(0.2) | 7.3(4.8–11.1) | 6.9(4.2–11.5) |
| Sexual orientation or same-sex behaviorb | ||||
| Heterosexual and never had same-sex behavior | 65.8(4.7) | 91.7(0.2) | 1.0(Reference) | |
| Non-heterosexual or had same-sex behavior | 34.2(4.7) | 8.3(0.2) | 5.7(3.8–8.7) | |
| History of unprotected sex | ||||
| Yes | 40.9(4.8) | 27.5(0.6) | 1.8(1.2–2.7) | 1.5(1.0–2.3) |
| No | 59.1(4.8) | 72.5(0.6) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| History of childhood sexual abuse | ||||
| Yes | 13.0(2.4) | 7.6(0.2) | 1.8(1.2–2.8) | 1.0(0.6–1.8) |
| No | 87.0(2.4) | 92.4(0.2) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Condom use in last 12-month | ||||
| Fairly/Very often | 24.8(3.0) | 18.5(0.4) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Never-sometimes | 43.5(4.5) | 63.9(0.6) | 0.5(0.3–0.8) | 0.5(0.3–0.8) |
| Did not have sex | 31.7(3.9) | 17.6(0.4) | 1.4(0.9–1.9) | 0.7(0.3–1.5) |
| Sex with male that had sex with male partner | ||||
| Yes | 2.6(1.6) | 0.8(0.1) | 5.0(1.5–17.3) | 3.3(0.9–13.1) |
| Unknown/missing | 44.1(6.4) | 20.3(0.6) | 3.4(2.1–5.7) | 2.2(0.7–7.1) |
| No sex | 4.8(2.0) | 2.3(0.2) | 3.3(1.3–8.1) | 8.1(1.1–58.8) |
| No | 48.6(6.2) | 76.6(0.6) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Sexually transmitted disease in past year | ||||
| Yes | 4.3(1.6) | 1.1(0.1) | 3.9(1.8–8.4) | 2.9(1.2–7.0) |
| No | 95.7(1.6) | 98.9(0.1) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| Age at first sex | ||||
| 5–14 | 25.1(3.9) | 15.3(0.4) | 1.0(Reference) | 1.0(Reference) |
| 15–24 | 65.7(4.0) | 77.8(0.4) | 0.5(0.3–0.8) | 0.7(0.4–1.1) |
| 25–34 | 0.8(0.6) | 2.4(0.1) | 0.2(0.0–1.0) | 0.2(0.0–1.2) |
| ≥35 | - | 0.2(0.0) | - | |
| Never had sex | 3.4(1.7) | 0.5(0.1) | 3.8(1.2–11.9) | 5.2(1.4–19.2) |
| Unknown | 5.0(1.7) | 3.8(0.2) | 0.8(0.4–1.7) | 1.0(0.5–2.3) |
| Mean SF-12 physical | 47.2 | 49.9 | 0.0112 | 0.7967 |
| Mean SF-12 mental | 46.5 | 49.9 | 0.0004 | 0.1035 |
a.
Mutually adjusted for sex, race-ethnicity, nativity, age, education, family income, employment status, marital status, urbanicity, region, sexual orientation, history of unprotected sex and history of childhood sexual abuse. b. AOR cannot reliably estimated for this variable due to high collinearity with the sexual orientation variable.