Table 5.

CG in vivo anti-HIV activities. (MIV-150, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; SHIV-RT, Simian immunodeficiency virus mac239 bearing HIV reverse transcriptase, TFV; tenofovir).

CG Type	Efficacy Model	Dose	ADMINISTRATION	Antiviral Assay	Effects	Ref
λ/κ-CG	Inoculation of stained mouse macrophages into the vagina of mice	20 µL of stock	Single inoculation	Counting the number of macrophages in lymph nodes	90% inhibition	[72]
λ/κ-CG + TFV + Zn + MIV-150	Macaques vaginally challenged with SHIV-RT	3 mL of 3% gel	Single vaginal	Plasma viral load quantitation	Inhibition of vaginal transmission and no difference in antiviral activity	[7]
λ/κ-CG + MIV-150 (PC-817)	Macaques rectally challenged with SHIV-RT	3 mL of 3% gel	Single rectal	Plasma viral load quantitation	Inhibition of rectal transmission	[12]
λ/κ-CG + MIV-150 + ZA (PC-1005)	Macaques either vaginally or rectally challenged with SHIV-RT	2 mL of 3% gel	Single vaginal	Plasma viral load quantitation	Inhibition of infection	[74]
λ/κ-CG + MIV-150 + ZA (PC-1005)	Macaques either vaginally or rectally challenged with SHIV-RT	2 mL of 3% gel	Single vaginal or rectal	Plasma viral load quantitation	Complete and limited inhibition of vaginal or rectal transmission	[73]
λ/κ-CG + ZA	Macaques either vaginally or rectally challenged with SHIV-RT	2 mL of 3% gel	Vaginal for 2 weeks	Plasma viral load quantitation	Inhibition of infection	[75]
λ/κ-CG + MIV-150 + ZA (PC-1005)	Macaques vaginal explant challenged with either free or cell-associated SHIV-RT	1:100 and 1:300 dilution	Immersion of explant with diluted gels	Quantitation of viral DNA and ELISA of SIVmac p27	Inhibition of infection	[8]
λ/κ-CG	Preventive effects on 6202 HIV(−) women	4 mL of 3% gel	Before sexual intercourse for 9–24 months	HIV incidence by seroconversion	No difference in HIV incidence	[11]