Table 8.
CG in vitro anti-respiratory virus activities. (TCID50, median tissue culture infectious dose; MDCK cells, Madin–Darby canine kidney cells; PFU, plaque-forming unit; CPE, cytopathic effect; IF, immunofluorescence; HRV, human rhinovirus).
| CG Type | Virus Type | Cell Line | Anti-Viral Assay | IC50 (µg/mL) | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ι-CG | HRV 1A, 2, 8, 14, 16, 83, and 84 | Human nasal epithelial and HeLa cells | TCID50 | 5–10 | [95] |
| ι-CG | Influenza virus strain H1N1 (A/PR8/34) and the formerly pandemic H3N2 (A/Aichi/2/68) | MDCK cells and human nasal epithelial cells | PFU | 0.04–0.2 | [96] |
| κ-CG | Influenza A virus | MDCK and A549 cells | TCID50 assay and RT-PCR | 32.1 | [42] |
| ι/κ/ν-CG hybrid | Influenza A H1N1 virus | MDCK cells | CPE inhibition | 276.5 | [99] |
| ι-CG + zanamivir | Influenza A virus H1N1(09)pdm, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N7 | MDCK cells | Immunostaining | 0.39–11.8 | [98] |
| κ-CG | Swine pandemic influenza A virus H1N1 | MDCK cells | TCID50, CPE experiments, IF, and Western blot | 89.57 | [34] |
| ι-CG (lozenges) | HRV 1a, HRV8, influenza virus A H1N1, coxsackievirus A10, and human coronavirus OC43 | HeLa, MDCK, and Vero cells | TCID50 and PFU, agglutination assay | 234–4524 dilution | [97] |
| ι-CG and xylometazoline hydrochloride (Coldamaris) | HRV 1a, HRV8, and human coronavirus OC43 | HeLa, MDCK, and Vero cells | TCID50 and PFU, agglutination assay | 16.5, 1.66, and 0.024 | [94] |