Table 9.

CG anti-respiratory virus activities in vivo animal studies. (MDCK cells, Madin–Darby canine kidney cells; PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes; BID, twice a day; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus).

CG Type	Virus Type	Experimental Model	Dose	Antiviral Assay	Effects	Ref
Type II CG	Influenza virus H1N1 (A/PR/8/34)	BALB/c mice intranasal infection	1 mg/mL	Virus titration with MDCK cells	Depleted macrophages and increased PMN in the blood, enhancement of viral titer	[100]
Type II CG	Influenza virus H1N1 (A/PR/8/34)	BALB/c mice intranasal infection	200 mg/kg	Virus titration with MDCK cells	Depleted macrophages, phagocytes, and monocytes	[102]
ι-CG	Influenza virus strain H1N1 (A/PR8/34) and the formerly pandemic H3N2 (A/Aichi/2/68)	C57Bl/6 mice intranasal infection	60 µg BID for 15 days	PFU	Reduced viral titers and increased survival (40%)	[96]
κ-CG (low MW)	Mouse adapted influenza virus A/FM/1/47(H1N1)	ICR mice with nasal drip	40 µL of 1.5 mg/mL for 7 days	Measure pulmonary edema index	Inhibition of pulmonary edema in mice	[101]
κ/ι-CG and zanamivir	Influenza A virus H1N1(09)pdm, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N7	C57BL/6 mice with intranasal injection	50 µL of 1.2 and 0.4 mg/mL stock BID for 5 days	Survival and weight loss, necropsy, and inflammation	Increased survival, decreased weight loss, reduced necropsy, and inflammation	[98]