Table 4.
Most relevant articles on the use of KD (associated with AED therapy) in infantile spasms.
| References | Type of Study | Participants | KD Ratio | Fasting | Outcomes | Follow-Up | Statistical Significance | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [] | (Months) | |||||||||
| Number | Age | Pt on KD | SFR >50% | SFR >50% | ||||||
| (Months) | (n) | (%) | ||||||||
| Than KD, et al. 2005 [69] |
Retrospective observational | 25 | NA | 3–4:1 | Yes | 25 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Eun SH, et al. 2006 [70] |
Retrospective observational | 43 | 1–14 | 3–4:1 | Yes | 43 | 12 | 27,9 | NA | NA |
| 35 | 30 | 85,7 | 3 | NA | ||||||
| 25 | 23 | 92 | 6 | NA | ||||||
| Kossoff EH, et al. 2008 [71] |
Retrospective observational | 13 | Median (range): 5 (2–10) | 3–4:1 | Yes | 13 | 8 | 62 | 1 | p = 0.06 |
| Hong AM, et al. 2010 [72] |
Prospective observational | 104 | Median: 4.8 | 3–4:1 | Yes | 86 | 66 | 63 | 3 | NA |
| 76 | 67 | 64 | 6 | p = 0.84 | ||||||
| No | 53 | 76 | 73 | 9 | NA | |||||
| 47 | 80 | 77 | 12 | NA | ||||||
| 28 | 80 | 77 | 24 | NA | ||||||
| Caraballo R, et al. 2011 [73] | Retrospective observational | 12 | NA | 3–4:1 | NA | 12 | 9 | 75 | NA | NA |
| Numis AL, et al. 2011 [74] |
Retrospective observational | 26 | Mean ± SD: 19.5 ± 2.2 | 3–4:1 | No | 26 | 12 | 46.2 | 3 | p = 0.02 |
| 21 | 11 | 52.4 | 6 | p = 0.02 | ||||||
| 19 | 12 | 63.2 | 12 | p = 0.02 | ||||||
| Lee J, et al. 2013 [75] |
Retrospective observational | 14 | NA | NA | NA | 14 | 11 | 78,6 | NA | NA |
| Li B, et al. 2013 [76] |
Prospective observational | 31 | 7–84 | 4:01 | Yes | 31 | 21 | 67,74 | 1 | NA |
| 22 | 70,97 | 3 | NA | |||||||
| Pires ME, et al. 2013 [77] |
Prospective observational | 17 | Mean ± SD: 9.4 ± 1.1 | 3–4:1 | No | 17 | 15 | 88.2 | 3 | NA |
| 16 | 14 | 87.5 | 6 | NA | ||||||
| Kayyali HR, et al. 2014 [78] | Prospective observational | 20 | 4–35 | 3–3.5:1 | No | 20 | 14 | 70 | 3 | NA |
| 20 | 13 | 72.2 | 6 | NA | ||||||
| 17 | 13 | 76.5 | 12 | NA | ||||||
| 8 | 8 | 100 | 24 | NA | ||||||
| Hirano Y, et al. 2015 [79] |
Retrospective observational | 6 | 9–40 | 3–4:1 | NA | 6 | 5 | 83,3 | 3 | NA |
| Ville D, et al. 2015 [80] |
Retrospective observational | 23 | NA | 4:01 | Yes | 23 | 4 | 17,4 | NA | NA |
| Hussain SA, et al. 2016 [81] | Retrospective observational | 22 | 12.5–38.7 | 3–4:1 | No | 22 | 7 | 35 | 3 | NS |
| 20 | 6 | 35.3 | 6 | NS | ||||||
| 17 | 2 | 20 | 12 | NS | ||||||
Abbreviations: KD, ketogenic diet; AED, anti-epileptic drug; SFR, seizure frequency reduction; NA, not available; NS, not significant; SD, standard deviation.