Table 3.
Characteristics of the studies included in the qualitative analysis.
| Study | Population | RT Intervention | PS Intervention | CG | Outcomes | Main Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (EG/CG) | Gender (M/F) | Duration × Frequency | Type | Amount (g/d or g/s) | ||||
| Amasene, 2019 [31] | 28 (15/13) | 14/14 | 12 w × 2 s/w | Whey (+Leucine enriched) |
20 g (+3 g)/s | RT + plS | PP | ND PP |
| Arnarson, 2013 [30] | 141 (76/66) | NR | 12 w × 3 s/w | Whey | 20 g/s | RT + plS | ST, PP | ND LLS ND PP |
| Candow, 2008 [32] | 22 (10/12) | 20/0 | 10 w × 3 s/w | Whey (+Creatin) |
Protein: 0.3 g∙kg−1 Creatin: 0.1 g∙kg−1 |
RT + plS | ST | ↑ULS ND LLS |
| Holwerda, 2018 [33] | 40 (21/19) | 40/0 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Whey (+Leucine enriched) |
21 g/d | RT + plS | ST, PP | ND LLS ND SPPB |
| Krause, 2019 [34] | 21 (11/10) | 12/9 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Whey | 0.165 g∙kg−1 | RT + plS | PP | ND PP |
| Leenders, 2013 [35] | 53 (27/26) | 29/24 | 24 w × 3 s/w | Whey (+Casein) |
3 g + 12 g/d | RT + plS | ST, PP | ND LLS ND 5CRT ND HS |
| Mori, 2018 [36] | 50 (25/25) | 0/50 | 24 w × 2 s/w | Whey | 25 g/s | RT | ST, PP | ND LLS ND HS ND GS |
| Nabuco, 2018 [37] | 44 (21/23) | 0/44 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Whey | 35 g/s | RT + plS | ST, PP | ↑ST ↑PP |
| Nabuco, 2019 [38] | 26 (13/13) | 0/26 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Whey | 35 g/s | RT + plS | ST, PP | ND ST ND PP |
| Stragier S, 2016 [39] | 25 (12/13) | 11/14 | 24 w × 2 s/w | Leucine | 27.6 g/d | RT + plS | ST | ND LLS |
| Sugihara, 2018 [40] | 31 (15/16) | 0/31 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Whey | 35 g/s | RT + plS | ST | ↑ST |
| Tieland, 2012 [41] | 53 (26/27) | NR | 24 w × 2 s/w | Whey | 15 g/d | RT + plS | ST, PP | ND LLS ND HS ND SPPB ND GS 5CRT |
| Trabal, 2015 [29] | 11 (7/4) | NR | 12 w × 4 s/w | Leucine | 10 g/d | RT + plS | ST, PP | ↑LLS ↑TUG ND 5CRT |
| Verdijk, 2009 [42] | 26 (13/13) | 26/0 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Casein | 20 g/s | RT + plS | ST | ND LLS |
| Villanueva, 2014 [43] | 14 (7/7) | 14/0 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Whey (+Creatin) |
35 g/d | RT | ST, PP | ND ULS ND LLS ND PP |
| Zdzieblik D, 2015 [44] | 53 (26/27) | 53/0 | 12 w × 3 s/w | Collagen peptides | 15 g/d | RT + plS | ST | ↑LLS |
EG: Experimental Group; CG: Control Group; RT: Resistance Training; PS: Protein Supplementation; plS: Placebo Supplementation; ND: No significant differences; ↑: Significant increase for EG; w: week; d: day; s: session; ST: Strength; LLS: Lower-Limb Strength; ULS: Upper-Limb Strength; HS: Handgrip Strength; PP: Physical Performance; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery, GS: Gait Speed, 5CRT: Five-Chair-Rise Test; TUG: Timed Up and Go Test; NR: No Report.