Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of all subjects at initial assessment.
| Obesity | Overweight | Normal-BMI | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 10.10 ± 0.09 | 10.20 ± 0.11 | 9.80 ± 0.16 | 0.147 |
| Weight (Kg) | 62.78 ± 0.65 | 49.41 ± 0.54 | 38.79 ± 0.73 | <0.0001 |
| Height (cm) | 144.47 ± 0.52 | 143.43 ± 0.58 | 139.03 ± 0.94 | <0.0001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.70 ± 0.14 | 23.40 ± 0.09 | 19.31 ± 0.16 | <0.0001 |
| Waist/Hip ratio | 0.95 ± 0.01 | 0.93 ± 0.01 | 0.88 ± 0.01 | <0.0001 |
| Waist/Height | 0.61 ± 0.003 | 0.55 ± 0.003 | 0.51 ± 0.005 | <0.0001 |
| SBP | 114 ± 0.39 | 110 ± 0.45 | 105 ± 0.62 | <0.0001 |
| DBP | 67 ± 0.32 | 66 ± 0.75 | 63 ± 0.50 | <0.0001 |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Pubertal status | ||||
| Prepubertal | 732 (57.1) | 367 (28.6) | 183 (14.3) | 0.829 |
| Pubertal | 599 (57) | 294 (27.9) | 159 (15.1) | |
| Mother’s BMI | ||||
| Normal BMI | 300 (41.7) | 249 (34.6) | 170 (23.6) | <0.0001 |
| Overweight | 331 (61) | 142 (26.2) | 70 (12.9) | |
| Obesity | 367 (69.4) | 109 (20.6) | 53 (10) | |
| Father’s BMI | ||||
| Normal BMI | 147 (41.2) | 124 (34.7) | 86 (24.1) | <0.0001 |
| Overweight | 388 (53.2) | 228 (31.3) | 113 (15.5) | |
| Obesity | 455 (65.8) | 149 (21.5) | 88 (12.7) |
Abbreviations: DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure; Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) and categorical as frequencies (percentages); p values were derived by comparisons between the three categories of BMI using one-way ANOVA; Pearson’s χ2 for categorical variables; Statistically significant associations are shown in bold.