Table 3.
Biochemical and endocrinologic parameters in all subjects at baseline.
| Obesity | Overweight | Normal-BMI | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 80.20 ± 0.28 | 78.72 ± 0.34 | 79.11 ± 0.43 | 0.003 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 157.11 ± 0.81 | 158.45 ± 1.17 | 159.71 ± 1.53 | 0.290 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 82.38 ± 1.28 | 73.99 ± 1.77 | 64.35 ± 1.79 | <0.0001 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 50.05 ± 0.36 | 53.67 ± 0.53 | 59.51 ± 0.87 | <0.0001 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 91.76 ± 0.72 | 90.96 ± 1.04 | 87.60 ± 1.32 | 0.015 |
| ApoA1 (mg/dL) | 138.86 ± 0.62 | 142.86 ± 0.89 | 149.76 ± 1.33 | <0.0001 |
| ApoB (mg/dL) | 75.93 ± 0.53 | 73.69 ± 0.77 | 71.52 ± 0.88 | <0.0001 |
| Lp(a) (mg/dL) | 17.46 ± 0.68 | 17.02 ± 0.97 | 17.98 ± 1.42 | 0.874 |
| IGF-I (ng/mL) | 301.87 ± 5.10 | 306.64 ± 7.1 | 305.73 ± 10.66 | 0.517 |
| IGFBP-3 (μg/mL) | 5.09 ± 0.03 | 5.01 ± 0.04 | 4.82 ± 0.07 | 0.001 |
| Insulin (μUI/mL) | 17.39 ± 0.32 | 12.50 ± 0.29 | 9.45 ± 0.34 | <0.0001 |
| HbA1C (%) | 5.26 ± 0.01 | 5.21 ± 0.01 | 5.18 ± 0.01 | <0.0001 |
Abbreviations: ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1, ApoB: Apolipoprotein B, HbA1c: Haemoglobin A1c, HDL: High-Density Lipoprotein, IGF-I: Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, IGF-BP3: IGF-binding protein 3, LDL: Low-Density Lipoprotein, Lp(a): Lipoprotein a, TG: Triglycerides, Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM); p values were derived by comparisons between the three categories of BMI using one-way ANOVA for normally distributed variables and Kruskal-Wallis H test for skewed variables; Statistically significant associations are shown in bold.