Table 1.
Characteristics of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study participants according to weight change patterns from early to middle adulthood, 1999–2016 a.
| Characteristics | Stable Normal | Maximum Overweight | Non-Obese to Obese | Obese to Non-Obese | Stable Obese | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | 6063 (44.0) | 5240 (35.1) | 2345 (15.1) | 149 (0.9) | 745 (4.9) | 14542 |
| Age, mean (SD b), years c | 41.5 (0.17) | 43.1 (0.17) | 44.6 (0.25) | 39.9 (0.65) | 39.3 (0.44) | 42.4 (0.13) |
| Female | 3678 (64.5) | 2073 (38.5) | 1152 (47.9) | 60 (43.3) | 371 (46.5) | 7334 (51.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Mexican American | 802 (4.6) | 1046 (7.1) | 516 (8.1) | 40 (9.0) | 128 (7.4) | 2532 (6.2) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 2869 (74.3) | 2331 (74.1) | 1039 (74.4) | 69 (74.1) | 321 (72.2) | 6629 (74.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1069 (8.1) | 952 (8.5) | 477 (9.4) | 25 (9.0) | 206 (14.1) | 2729 (8.7) |
| Others | 1323 (12.9) | 911 (10.3) | 313 (8.1) | 15 (8.0) | 90 (6.4) | 2652 (10.9) |
| Education d | ||||||
| Less than high school | 1360 (13.8) | 1355 (15.1) | 630 (15.6) | 59 (22.8) | 190 (14.8) | 3594 (14.7) |
| High school or equivalent | 1289 (20.8) | 1151 (23.1) | 543 (24.4) | 27 (22.0) | 180 (24.8) | 3190 (22.3) |
| College or above | 3409 (65.4) | 2732 (61.8) | 1171 (60.0) | 63 (55.2) | 374 (60.5) | 7749 (63.0) |
| Family income-poverty ratio level d | ||||||
| 0~1.3 | 1371 (14.6) | 1205 (14.2) | 591 (16.5) | 54 (26.1) | 213 (20.3) | 3434 (15.1) |
| ~1.85 | 615 (7.6) | 547 (7.9) | 266 (9.8) | 20 (10.6) | 91 (10.5) | 1539 (8.2) |
| ~3 | 894 (14.6) | 795 (15.8) | 405 (18.1) | 18 (9.9) | 117 (17.3) | 2229 (15.6) |
| >3 | 2647 (63.3) | 2251 (62.2) | 886 (55.6) | 52 (53.4) | 263 (51.9) | 6099 (61.1) |
| Ever Smoker c | 2790 (47.1) | 2473 (48.3) | 1100 (48.7) | 105 (69.6) | 308 (42.7) | 6776 (47.7) |
| Body mass index, mean (SD) | ||||||
| At age 25 years | 20.7 (0.04) | 23.8 (0.05) | 25.1 (0.09) | 33.9 (0.47) | 34.7 (0.25) | 23.3 (0.05) |
| At baseline | 22.2 (0.03) | 27.1 (0.03) | 33.7 (0.11) | 26.7 (0.29) | 38.4 (0.35) | 26.5 (0.06) |
| Absolute weight change mean (SD), kg | 3.6 (0.09) | 8.4 (0.15) | 22.7 (0.41) | 20.7 (1.73) | 9.6 (1.00) | 8.2 (0.12) |
a All estimates accounted for complex survey design; data are expressed as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. b SD, Standard Deviation. c At start of follow-up. d At end of follow-up.