Conserved motifs and phylogenetic analysis of selected E2 enzymes. (A) The ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (UBC) catalytic domain and conserved cysteine residue in LstrE2 A/E/G2/H are indicated by blue and red ovals, respectively. (B) Phylogenetic analysis of E2s from selected fifteen insect species including Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Culex quinquefasciatus, Trichoplusia ni, Bactrocera oleae, Onthophagus taurus, Diuraphis noxia, Halyomorpha halys, Diachasma alloeum, Copidsoma floridanum, Zootermopsis nevadensis, Ctenocephalides felis, Dinoponera quadriceps, Musca domestica, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Amino acid sequences were aligned using ClustalW, and a distance neighbor-joining tree was generated using MEGA 7.0. Nodes with distance bootstrap values (1000 replicates) are shown. Red font indicates the four E2s from L. striatellus.