Table A2.
The operationalization of key variables used in this study.
| Variable | Operationalization | Measurement Scale and Coding |
|---|---|---|
| FOP shop | While shopping, you read the information on the front of the packaging for what share of food products you buy? | % |
| BOP shop | While shopping, you read the information on the back of the packaging for what share of food products you buy? | % |
| FOP home | At home, you read the information on the front of the packaging for what share of food products you have bought? | % |
| BOP home | At home, you read the information on the back of the packaging for what share of food products you have bought? | % |
| Woman | Sex | Woman—1, Man - 0 |
| Education | Education level | Primary—1, Vocational—2, Secondary—3, Tertiary—4 |
| White-collar | Professional activity—a single-choice question with the following catalog of answers: (a) white-collar worker, (b) blue-collar worker, (c) unemployed, (d) student, (e) I don’t work and I take care of the family, (f) old age pensioner/disability pensioner, (g) other. What? | White-collar worker selected—1, White-collar worker not selected—0 |
| Student | Professional activity—a single-choice question with the following catalog of answers: (a) white-collar worker, (b) blue-collar worker, (c) unemployed, (d) student, (e) I don’t work and I take care of the family, (f) old age pensioner/disability pensioner, (g) other. What? | Student selected—1, Student not selected—0 |
| Income | What is the total monthly net, i.e., disposable, income of all members of your household? A single-choice question with the following catalogue of answers: (a) below 2000 PLN, (b) 2001–3000 PLN, (c) 3001–4000 PLN, (d) 4001–5000 PLN, (e) 5001–6000 PLN, (f) over 6000 PLN |
(a) below 2000 PLN—1, (b) 2001–3000 PLN—2, (c) 3001–4000 PLN—3, (d) 4001–5000 PLN—4, (e) 5001–6000 PLN—5, (f) over 6000 PLN—6 |
| Household | Size of your household | Number of persons |
| Dietary suppl. | Do you buy the following products? Dietary supplements | Yes—1, No—0, I don’t know—0 |
| Organic | Do you buy the following products? Organic food | Yes—1, No—0, I don’t know—0 |
| Functional | Do you buy the following products? Functional food | Yes—1, No—0, I don’t know—0 |
| Fair trade | Do you buy the following products? Fair trade products | Yes—1, No—0, I don’t know—0 |
| Diet | How do you evaluate your diet? | Very healthy—5, Rather healthy—4, Average—3, Rather unhealthy—2, Very unhealthy—1 |
| Knowledge | How do you evaluate your knowledge about healthy nutrition? | Very big—5, Rather big—4, Average—3, Rather small—2, Very small—1 |
| Health | How do you evaluate your health status? | Very good—5, rather good—4, average—3, rather poor—2, very poor—1 |
| Quantity | How do you assess the quantity of the following information on food product packages? | Measured separately for health claims, nutrition claims, and quality signs Too much—1, Appropriate—2, Too little—3 The arithmetical mean |
| Understandability | How understandable for you is the following information on food product packages? | Measured separately for health claims, nutrition claims, quality signs, functional food, and organic food Very understandable—5, Rather understandable—4, Average—3, Rather not understandable—2, Completely not understandable—1 The arithmetical mean |
| Credibility | How credible for you is the following information on food product packaging? | Measured separately for health claims, nutrition claims, list of ingredients, expiry date, organic certificate, and quality signs Very credible—5, Rather credible—4, Average—3, Rather not credible—2, Definitely not credible—1 The arithmetical mean |
| List of ingredients | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? List of ingredients | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Expiry date | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Expiry date | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Institutes | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Recommendations of scientific institutes | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| First-time LI | What constitutes the most important information on a food product label when you buy it for the first time (excluding price)? A single-choice question with the following answer options: (a) country of origin, (b) nutritional information (e.g., about the content of fat or dietary fiber), (c) information about health effects (e.g., good for the bones, lowering cholesterol), (d) list of ingredients, (e) expiry date, (f) other, (g) I don’t know | List of ingredients selected—1, List of ingredients not selected—0 |
| Sugar | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Content of sugars | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Fat | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Content of fats | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Dietary fiber | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Dietary fiber | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Cholesterol | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Impact of the product on lowering cholesterol | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Digestive system | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Impact of the product on the digestive system | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Fatigue | How important for you is the following information on food product packages? Impact of the product reducing tiredness and fatigue | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Dietician | In your opinion, how important are the following ways of promoting food products with health and nutrition claims? Recommendations of a dietician | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Blogs | In your opinion, how important are the following ways of promoting food products with health and nutrition claims? Culinary blogs | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Packaging | In your opinion, how important are the following ways of promoting food products with health and nutrition claims? Food packages | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| Health effects | How important for you is the following information concerning food products? Health effects of consuming a given product | Very important—5, Rather important—4, Average—3, Rather not important—2, Without any importance—1 |
| WTP HC | Are you willing to pay more for products with health claims (compared to similar products without such claims)? | Definitely yes—5, Rather yes—4, I don’t know—3, Rather not—2, Definitely not—1 |
| WTP NC | Are you willing to pay more for products with nutrition claims (compared to similar products without such claims)? | Definitely yes—5, Rather yes—4, I don’t know—3, Rather not—2, Definitely not—1 |